Editing Arminianism (section)

===Arminianism in the Church of England===
{{Main|Arminianism in the Church of England}}
[[File:John-Goodwin (cropped).jpg|thumb|200x200px|[[George Glover (engraver)|Glover, George.]] (1641). ''[[John Goodwin (preacher)|John Goodwin]]''.|left]]In England, the so-labelled Arminian doctrines{{sfn|Tyacke|1990|p=24}} were held, in substance, before and in parallel with those of Arminius.{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}} The [[Thirty-nine Articles of Religion]] (finalised in 1571), were sufficiently ambiguous that they were compatible with either Arminian or Calvinistic interpretations.{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}} Arminianism in the [[Church of England]] was fundamentally an expression of negation of Calvinism, and only some theologians held to [[#Classical Arminianism|classical Arminianism]], but for the rest they were either [[Semi-Pelagianism|semi-Pelagian]] or [[Pelagianism|Pelagian]].{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}}{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}}<ref>{{harvnb|Tyacke|1990|p=245}}: "Of the various terms which can be used to describe the thrust of religions change at the time Arminian is the least misleading. It does ''not'' mean that the Dutch theologian Jacobus Arminius was normally the source of the ideas so labelled. Rather Arminian denotes a coherent body of anti-Calvinist religious thought, which was gaining ground in various regions of early seventeenth-century Europe."</ref> In this specific context, contemporary historians prefer to use the term "proto-Arminians" rather than "Arminians" to designate the leanings of those divines who generally didn't follow classical Arminianism.<ref>{{harvnb|MacCulloch|1990|p=94}}: "If we use the label 'Arminian' for English Churchmen, it must be with these important qualification in mind [of been related to the theology of Arminius]; 'proto-Arminian' would be a more accurate term."</ref> English Arminianism was represented by Arminian [[Puritans]] such as [[John Goodwin (preacher)|John Goodwin]] or [[High church|High Anglican]] Arminians such as [[Jeremy Taylor]] and [[Henry Hammond]].{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}} Anglican Arminians of the 17th century such as [[William Laud]] fought Calvinist Puritans.{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}} They actually saw Arminianism in terms of a [[State Church|state church]], an idea that was alien to the views of Arminius.{{sfn|Heron|1999|p=128}} This position became particularly evident under the reign (1625–1649) of [[Charles I of England]].{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}} Following the [[English Civil War]] (1642–1651) [[Charles II of England]], who tolerated the [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]], re-instituted Arminian thought in the Church of England.{{sfn|Delumeau|Wanegffelen|Cottret|2012|pp=65–66}} It was dominant there after the [[Restoration (1660)]]<ref>{{harvb|Wallace|2011|p=233}}: "According to Edwards, it was only after the Restoration that non-Calvinist views come to be adopted by many of the clergy of the Church of England. Foremost among those who rejected Calvinism had been the Arminians, and Edwards appeared on the scene as a defender of Calvinism against Arminianism at a time when it was more often the Dissenters who were battling it and calling attention to the triumph of Arminianism in the Church of England."</ref> for some fifty years.{{sfn|McClintock|Strong|1880}}