Editing Antiferromagnetism (section)

== Other properties ==

Synthetic antiferromagnets (often abbreviated by SAF) are artificial antiferromagnets consisting of two or more thin ferromagnetic layers separated by a nonmagnetic layer.<ref>{{cite journal|author=M. Forrester and F. Kusmartsev|title=The nano-mechanics and magnetic properties of high moment synthetic antiferromagnetic particles|journal=[[Physica Status Solidi A]]|volume=211|issue=4|pages=884–889|year=2014|doi=10.1002/pssa.201330122|bibcode=2014PSSAR.211..884F|s2cid=53495716 |url=https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16577|doi-access=free}}</ref> Dipole coupling of the ferromagnetic layers results in antiparallel alignment of the magnetization of the ferromagnets.

Antiferromagnetism plays a crucial role in [[giant magnetoresistance]], as had been discovered in 1988 by the [[Nobel Prize]] winners [[Albert Fert]] and [[Peter Grünberg]] (awarded in 2007) using synthetic antiferromagnets.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grünberg |first=P. |date=1986 |title=Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for Antiferromagnetic Coupling of Fe Layers across Cr Interlayers |url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2442 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=57 |issue=19 |pages=2442–2445 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2442}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Binasch |first=G. |date=1989 |title=Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange |url=https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828 |journal=Physical Review B |volume=39 |issue=7 |pages=4828–4830 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Baibich |first=M. N. |date=1988 |title=Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices |url=https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472 |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=61 |issue=21 |pages=2472–2475 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472|hdl=10183/99075 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

There are also examples of disordered materials (such as iron phosphate glasses) that become antiferromagnetic below their Néel temperature. These disordered networks 'frustrate' the antiparallelism of adjacent spins; i.e. it is not possible to construct a network where each spin is surrounded by opposite neighbour spins. It can only be determined that the average correlation of neighbour spins is antiferromagnetic. This type of magnetism is sometimes called [[speromagnetism]].