Editing Anorexia (symptom) (section)

==Common causes==

*[[Acute radiation syndrome]]
*[[Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]]
*[[Addison's disease]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Alcohol withdrawal syndrome|Alcohol withdrawal]]
*[[Anemia]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Appendicitis]]
*[[Babesiosis]]
*[[Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome|Benzodiazepine withdrawal]]
*[[Bipolar disorder]]
*[[Bronchitis]]
*[[Cancer]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Loss of Appetite|url=https://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects/physical-side-effects/eating-problems/poor-appetite.html|access-date=2021-10-27|website=www.cancer.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Loss of appetite|url=https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/loss-of-appetite|url-status=live|website=Canadian Cancer Society|date=December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027134339/https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/side-effects/loss-of-appetite |archive-date=2021-10-27 }}</ref>
*[[Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome]]
*[[Cannabis (drug)|Cannabis]] [[Drug withdrawal|withdrawal]]
*[[Celiac disease]]<ref name="GeneReviewsCD2015">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1727/|title=Celiac Disease|vauthors=Taylor AK, Lebwohl B, Snyder CL, Green PH|publisher=GeneReviews®|date=17 September 2015|pmid=20301720 |access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Chronic pain]]
*[[Common cold]]
*[[Constipation]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]]
*[[COVID-19]]
*[[Crohn's disease]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Dementia]]
*[[Depression (mood)|Depression]]
*[[Diabetes]]
*[[Ebola]]
*[[Fatty liver disease]]
*[[Fever]]
*[[Foodborne illness|Food poisoning]]
*[[Gastroparesis]]
*[[Heart failure]]
*[[Hepatitis]]
*[[HIV/AIDS]]
*[[Hypercalcemia]]
*[[Hyperglycemia]]
*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]] and sometimes [[hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Influenza]]
*[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
*[[Ketoacidosis]]
*[[Kidney failure]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/mobileart-emh.asp?articlekey=80651&questionid=7|title=Pinworms in Kids & Adults: Pictures, Symptoms & Treatments Viewer Comments and Reviews: Hypothyroidism - Symptoms - Patients Share Their Knowledge on eMedicineHealth|work=eMedicineHealth|access-date=2017-11-28|archive-date=2015-10-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004020557/http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/mobileart-emh.asp?articlekey=80651&questionid=7|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Hypotension|Low blood pressure]]
*[[Macroglossia]]
*[[Mania]]
*[[Metabolic disorders]], particularly [[urea cycle disorders]]
*[[MELAS syndrome]]
*[[Nausea]]
*[[Old age]]
*[[Opioid use disorder]]
*[[Pancreatitis]]
*[[Pernicious anemia]] ([[Vitamin B12 deficiency|vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency]])
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Psychosis]]
*[[Schizophrenia]]
*[[Side effect]] of [[drug]]s
*[[Stimulant use disorder]]
*[[Stomach flu]]
*[[Stress (biology)|Stress]]
*[[Sickness behavior]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Exton|first1=M. S.|title=Infection-Induced Anorexia: Active Host Defence Strategy|doi=10.1006/appe.1997.0116|journal=Appetite|volume=2|issue=3|pages=369–383|year=1997|pmid=9468766|s2cid=10465902}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Murray|first1=M. J.|last2=Murray|first2=A. B.|title=Anorexia of infection as a mechanism of host defense|journal=The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition|volume=32|issue=3|pages=593–596|year=1979|pmid=283688|doi=10.1093/ajcn/32.3.593}}</ref>
*[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
*[[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winston |first1=Anthony P |title=The clinical biochemistry of anorexia nervosa |journal=Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine |date=March 2012 |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=132–143 |doi=10.1258/acb.2011.011185|pmid=22349551 |s2cid=207193656 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*[[Tobacco smoking]]
*[[Tuberculosis]]
*[[Thalassemia]]
*[[Ulcerative colitis]]
*[[Uremia]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aguilera |first1=A |last2=Selgas |first2=R |last3=Codoceo |first3=R |last4=Bajo |first4=A |title=Uremic anorexia: a consequence of persistently high brain serotonin levels? The tryptophan/serotonin disorder hypothesis. |journal=Peritoneal Dialysis International |date=November 2000 |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=810–6 |doi=10.1177/089686080002000648 |pmid=11216590|s2cid=1731116 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*[[Folate deficiency]]
*[[Zinc deficiency]]
*[[Infection]]: Anorexia of infection is part of the [[acute phase response]] (APR) to infection. The APR can be triggered by [[lipopolysaccharide]]s and [[peptidoglycan]]s from bacterial cell walls, bacterial DNA, and double-stranded viral RNA, and viral [[glycoprotein]]s, which can trigger production of a variety of [[proinflammatory cytokines]]. These can have an indirect effect on appetite by a number of means, including [[afferent nerve fiber|peripheral afferent]]s from their sites of production in the body, by enhancing production of [[leptin]] from fat stores. Inflammatory cytokines can also signal to the [[central nervous system]] more directly by specialized transport mechanisms through the [[blood–brain barrier]], via [[circumventricular organ]]s (which are outside the barrier), or by triggering production of [[eicosanoid]]s in the [[endothelial cell]]s of the brain vasculature. Ultimately, the control of appetite by this mechanism is thought to be mediated by the same factors normally controlling [[appetite]], such as neurotransmitters ([[serotonin]], [[dopamine]], [[histamine]], [[norepinephrine]], [[corticotropin releasing factor]], [[neuropeptide Y]], and [[α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone]]).<ref>{{cite journal|author=Langhans W.|title=Anorexia of infection: current prospects|journal=Nutrition|volume=16|issue=10|pages=996–1005|date=October 2000|pmid=11054606|doi=10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00421-4}}</ref>

===Drugs===
{{main | Anorectic}}
*[[Stimulant]]s, such as [[ephedrine]], [[amphetamine]], [[methamphetamine]], [[MDMA]], [[cathinone]], [[methylphenidate]], [[cocaine]], etc.
*[[Horomone|Hormone]]s which are produced by [[adrenal glands]] and used as medication such as [[adrenaline]].
*[[Narcotic]]s, such as [[heroin]], [[morphine]], [[codeine]], [[hydrocodone]], [[oxycodone]], etc.
*[[Antidepressants]] may have anorexia as a side effect, primarily [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s (SSRIs) such as [[fluoxetine]].
* [[Exenatide|Byetta]], a [[Type 2 diabetes|type II diabetes]] drug, will cause moderate nausea and loss of appetite.
* Abruptly stopping appetite-increasing drugs, such as [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]] and [[corticosteroid]]s.
* Chemicals that are members of the [[phenethylamine]] group. (Individuals with anorexia nervosa may seek them to suppress appetite.)
*[[Topiramate]] may cause anorexia as a side effect.
* Other drugs may be used to intentionally cause anorexia in order to help a patient [[fasting|preoperative fasting]] prior to [[general anesthesia]]. It is important to avoid food before surgery to mitigate the risk of [[pulmonary aspiration]], which can be fatal.

===Other===
* During the post-operative recovery period for a [[tonsillectomy]] or [[adenoidectomy]], it is common for adult patients to experience a lack of appetite until their throat significantly heals (usually 10–14 days).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.umhc.com/oth/Page.asp?PageID=OTH001009|title=Home Care After Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717153234/http://www.umhc.com/oth/Page.asp?PageID=OTH001009|archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref>
* [[Allergy]]
* [[Altitude sickness]]
* [[Airsickness]]
* Significant [[Broken heart|emotional pain]] caused by an event (rather than a [[mental disorder]]) can cause an individual to temporarily lose all interest in food.
* Several [[Twelve-step program]]s including [[Overeaters Anonymous]] tackle psychological issues members believe lead to forms of [[Relative deprivation|deprivation]]
* [[Psychological stress]]
* [[Toothache]]
* Experiencing grotesque, unpleasant or unappealing thoughts or conversations
* Being in the presence of unappealing things such as waste matter, dead organisms, or bad smells