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===Female Weaponry=== Since the publication of The Descent of Man and [[On the Origin of Species|The Origin of Species]], research has been heavily focused on weaponry in male animals, potentially leaving out females and their possible mechanisms behind present weaponry.<ref name="Joseph2012">{{Cite journal |last1=Tobias |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Montgomerie |first2=Robert |last3=Lyon |first3=Bruce E. |date=2012-08-19 |title=The evolution of female ornaments and weaponry: social selection, sexual selection and ecological competition |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=367 |issue=1600 |pages=2274β2293 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2011.0280 |issn=0962-8436 |pmc=3391421 |pmid=22777016}}</ref> Presence of weapons in females, and female-female competition has been seen in many species for better fitness of both sexual and social selection.<ref name="Stankowich2009">{{Cite journal |last1=Stankowich |first1=Theodore |last2=Caro |first2=Tim |date=2009 |title=Evolution of Weaponry in Female Bovids |journal=Proceedings: Biological Sciences |volume=276 |issue=1677 |pages=4329β4334 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2009.1256 |jstor=40506066 |pmid=19759035 |pmc=2817105 |issn=0962-8452}}</ref><ref name="Joseph2012"></ref> Social selection, first hypothesized by [[Mary Jane West-Eberhard]], is a broader term that includes both sexual and non sexual behaviors to increase an individual's fitness.<ref name="Joseph2012"></ref> For example, research has suggested that horns present in female [[Bovidae|bovids]], may have evolved from competition for resources such as food.<ref name="Stankowich2009"></ref>Β
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