Editing Andy Warhol (section)

===1950s===
Gallerist [[Alexander Iolas]] is credited with discovering Warhol.<ref name=":55" /> He organized his first solo exhibition, ''Andy Warhol: Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote'', at the [[Hugo Gallery]] in New York in 1952.{{Sfn|Gopnik|2020|p=131}}<ref name=":55">{{Cite web |last=Baboulias |first=Yiannis |date=August 9, 2017 |title=The Man Who Discovered Warhol |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/man-who-discovered-warhol |access-date=April 11, 2024 |website=frieze |language=en}}</ref>

In 1955, Warhol began designing advertisements for shoe manufacturer Israel Miller.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Curley |first=John J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fXS0AAAAQBAJ&dq=Miller+warhol+1955&pg=PA67 |title=A Conspiracy of Images: Andy Warhol, Gerhard Richter, and the Art of the Cold War |date=December 3, 2013 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-18843-1 |pages=67 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gray |first=Christopher |date=February 10, 2008 |title=A Little Jewel Box of a Shoe Store |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/10/realestate/10scap.html |access-date=January 19, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> He developed his "blotted line" technique, applying ink to paper and then blotting the ink while still wet, which was akin to a [[printmaking]] process on the most rudimentary scale. His use of tracing paper and ink allowed him to repeat the basic image and also to create endless variations on the theme.<ref name="Benstock2"/> American photographer John Coplans recalled that "nobody drew shoes the way Andy did. He somehow gave each shoe a temperament of its own, a sort of sly, [[Toulouse-Lautrec]] kind of sophistication, but the shape and the style came through accurately and the buckle was always in the right place. The kids in the apartment [which Andy shared in New York – note by Coplans] noticed that the [[Shoe#Construction|vamp]]s on Andy's shoe drawings kept getting longer and longer but [Israel] Miller didn't mind. Miller loved them."{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

In 1956, Warhol was included in a group exhibition at the [[Museum of Modern Art]] in New York.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Andy Warhol – Artists – Mnuchin Gallery|url=https://www.mnuchingallery.com/artists/andy-warhol|access-date=September 11, 2021|website=mnuchingallery.com}}</ref> That year, he traveled around the world with his friend, production designer [[Charles Lisanby]], studying art and culture in several countries.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Colker |first=David |date=September 11, 2013 |title=Warhol's Marilyn: Charles Lisanby could have hit jackpot but declined |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-xpm-2013-sep-11-la-cm-charles-lisanby-warhol-marilyn-20130911-story.html |access-date=April 8, 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref> While in [[Kyoto, Japan]], Warhol drew a stylized portrait of business tycoon [[Helena Rubinstein|Madame Helena Rubinstein]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rubinstein |first=Madame Helena |date=1957-05-01 |title=Noted Beauty Authority Tours Far East |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evansville-courier-and-press-noted-beaut/172340137/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |work=Evansville Courier and Press |pages=14}}</ref>

In 1956, Warhol began to sketch ornate footwear as a hobby.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugrabi |first=Colby |date=March 13, 2019 |title=The Shoes of Andy Warhol |url=https://www.minniemuse.com/articles/musings/the-shoes-of-andy-warhol |access-date=January 19, 2025 |website=Minnie Muse |language=en}}</ref> He designed whimsical shoes that were embellished with [[gold leaf]], and each represented a famous figure such as [[Truman Capote]], [[Kate Smith]], [[James Dean]], [[Julie Andrews]], [[Elvis Presley]], and [[Zsa Zsa Gabor]].<ref name=":22">{{Cite magazine |date=January 21, 1957 |title=Crazy Golden Slippers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PFQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA13 |magazine=Life (Magazine) |pages=12–13}}</ref> They sold for $50 to $225 apiece when they were exhibited at the [[Bodley Gallery]] in New York in 1957.<ref name=":22" />

To attract attention to himself as an artist, Warhol printed books of his illustrations such as ''[[25 Cats Name Sam and One Blue Pussy]]'' (1957), which he would distribute to people, in an attempt to generate work.<ref name=":39">{{Cite book |last=Smith |first=P. S. |url=https://archive.org/details/warholconversati00patr/mode/2up?q=lisanby |title=Warhol: Conversations About the Artist |date=1988 |publisher=UMI Research Press |isbn=978-0-8357-1932-2 |location=Ann Arbor |pages=141}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite news |last=Sheppard |first=Eugenia |date=1957-02-07 |title=High Fashion Highlights |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-columbia-record-warhols-book-25-cat/166869578/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=The Columbia Record |pages=6–B}}</ref> He would often use his mother Julia Warhol's [[calligraphy]] to accompany his illustrations.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Ed |date=2025-01-26 |title=Julia Warhola Was an Artist in Her Own Right |url=https://hyperallergic.com/985368/julia-warhola-was-an-artist-in-her-own-right/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en-US}}</ref>

Warhol habitually used the expedient of tracing photographs projected with an [[epidiascope]].<ref>{{Citation | last1=Warhol |first1=Andy |last2=Glozer |first2=Laslo |last3=Schellmann |first3=Jörg |last4=Edition Schellmann | title=Andy Warhol, art from art |year=1994 | publisher=Edition Schellmann; München : Schirmer/Mosel | isbn=978-3-88814-725-8 }}</ref> Using prints by [[Edward Wallowitch]], who Warhol later called his "first boyfriend", the photographs would undergo a subtle transformation during Warhol's often cursory tracing of contours and [[hatching]] of shadows.{{Sfn|Koestenbaum|2001|p=40}} Warhol used Wallowitch's photograph ''Young Man Smoking a Cigarette'' ({{circa|1956}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://flavorwire.com/573987/warhol-by-the-book-reveals-the-icons-fascinating-career-as-a-book-artist/8 |title=Edward Wallowitch ''Young Man Smoking a Cigarette'' (c.1956 Gelatin silver print). The Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh |access-date=August 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061841/http://flavorwire.com/573987/warhol-by-the-book-reveals-the-icons-fascinating-career-as-a-book-artist/8 |archive-date=August 16, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> for a 1958 design for a book cover he submitted to [[Simon and Schuster]] for the Walter Ross pulp novel ''The Immortal'', and later used others for his series of paintings.<ref>''Three one-dollar bills mounted on cardboard'' (1962). Photograph by Edward Wallowitch. [[The Andy Warhol Museum]], Pittsburgh; Founding Collection, Contribution The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, Inc.</ref><ref>Printz, N. (2014). Making Money/Printing Painting: Warhol's Dollar Bill Paintings. Criticism, 56(3), 535–557.</ref>

With the rapid expansion of the [[record industry]], [[RCA Records]] hired Warhol to design album covers and promotional materials.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lawson |first=Nell |date=1955-09-14 |title=Disc Data |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-boston-symphony-orchest/172339082/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |work=The Buffalo News |pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first1=Andrew |last1=Oldham |author-link=Andrew Loog Oldham |author2=Simon Spence |author3=Christine Ohlman |title=2Stoned |publisher=[[Secker and Warburg]] |location=London |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-436-28015-3 |oclc=50215773|page=137 }}</ref> Warhol was also working with high-end advertising clients such as [[Tiffany & Co.]] by the late 1950s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1959-07-21 |title=Dream Birthday Party |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-star-table-setting-designed-by-a/166870505/ |access-date=2025-02-28 |work=Evening Star |pages=B-7}}</ref>