Editing Andromeda (constellation) (section)

=== Stars ===
{{Further|List of stars in Andromeda}}
[[File:Andromeda annotated.png|thumb|400px|Andromeda as it appears in the night sky, with the superimposed figure.]]
* [[Alpha Andromedae|α And]] (Alpheratz) is the brightest [[star]] in this constellation. It is an [[Ap and Bp stars|A0p class]]{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}} binary star with an overall [[apparent visual magnitude]] of 2.1 and a [[luminosity]] of {{Solar luminosity|link=y|96}}.{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}} It is 97 [[light-year]]s from Earth.{{sfn|SIMBAD Alpha And}} In Western mythology it represents Andromeda's head, although the star's traditional [[Arabic]] names, Alpheratz and Sirrah, come from the phrase ''surrat al-faras'', referring to the navel of the horse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/andromeda.html#stars |author=Ian Ridpath |author-link=Ian Ridpath |title=Star Tales – Andromeda|access-date=31 January 2025}}</ref>{{sfn|Odeh|Kunitzsch|1998}} The Arabic names are a reference to the fact that α And forms an [[asterism (astronomy)|asterism]] known as the Great Square of Pegasus with three stars in [[Pegasus (constellation)|Pegasus]]: [[Alpha Pegasi|α]], [[Beta Pegasi|β]], and [[Gamma Pegasi|γ Peg]]. As such, the star was formerly considered to belong to both Andromeda and Pegasus, and was co-designated Delta Pegasi (δ Peg), although this name is no longer formally used.{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}}{{sfn|Ridpath, ''Star Tales'' Andromeda}}{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}}
* [[Beta Andromedae|β And]] (Mirach) is a red-hued giant star of [[M-type star|type M0]]{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}}{{sfn|SIMBAD Mirach}} located in an asterism known as the "girdle". It is 198 light-years away,{{sfn|SIMBAD Mirach}} has a magnitude of 2.06,{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} and a luminosity of {{Solar luminosity|115}} with a planet discovered orbiting this star ([[Beta Andromedae b|b]]).{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}} Its name comes from the Arabic phrase ''al-Maraqq'' meaning "the loins" or "the loincloth",{{sfn|Odeh|Kunitzsch|1998}} a phrase translated from Ptolemy's writing. However, β And was mostly considered by the Arabs to be a part of al-Hut, a constellation representing a larger fish than Pisces at Andromeda's feet.{{sfn|Davis|1944}}
* [[Gamma Andromedae|γ And]] (Almach) is an orange-hued bright giant star of [[K-type star|type K3]]{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}} found at the southern tip of the constellation with an overall magnitude of 2.14.{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}} Almach is a [[multiple star]] with a yellow primary of magnitude 2.3 and a blue-green secondary of magnitude 5, separated by 9.7 [[arcsecond]]s.{{sfn|Thompson|Thompson|2007|pp=66–73}}{{sfn|Ridpath, ''Star Tales'' Andromeda}}{{sfn|Ridpath|Tirion|2009|pp=61–62}} British astronomer William Herschel said of the star: "[the] striking difference in the color of the 2 stars, suggests the idea of a sun and its planet, to which the contrast of their unequal size contributes not a little."{{sfn|French|2006}} The secondary, described by Herschel as a "fine light sky-blue, inclining to green",{{sfn|French|2006}} is itself a double star, with a secondary of magnitude 6.3{{sfn|Thompson|Thompson|2007|pp=66–73}} and a period of 61 years.{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}} The system is 358 light-years away.{{sfn|SIMBAD Gamma1 Andromedae}} Almach was named for the Arabic phrase ''ʿAnaq al-Ard'', which means "the earth-kid", an obtuse reference to an animal that aids a lion in finding prey.{{sfn|Davis|1944}}{{sfn|Odeh|Kunitzsch|1998}}
* [[Delta Andromedae|δ And]] is an orange-hued giant star of [[K-type star|type K3]]{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}} [[orange giant]] of magnitude 3.3.{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} It is 105 light-years from Earth.{{sfn|SIMBAD Delta Andromedae}}
* [[Iota Andromedae|ι And]], [[Kappa Andromedae|κ]], [[Lambda Andromedae|λ]], [[Omicron Andromedae|ο]], and [[Psi Andromedae|ψ And]] form an asterism known as "Frederick's Glory", a name derived from a [[Former constellations|former constellation]] ([[Frederici Honores]]).{{sfn|Bakich|1995|p=43}} ι And is a blue-white hued main-sequence star of [[B-type star|type B8]], 502 light-years from Earth;{{sfn|SIMBAD Iota And}} κ And is a white-hued main-sequence star of type B9 IVn, 168 light-years from Earth;{{sfn|SIMBAD Kappa Andromedae}} λ And is a yellow-hued giant star of type G8, 86 light-years from Earth;{{sfn|SIMBAD Lambda Andromedae}} ο And is a blue-white hued giant star of type B6, 679 light-years from Earth;{{sfn|SIMBAD Omicron Andromedae}} and ψ And is a blue-white hued main-sequence star of type B7, 988 light-years from Earth.{{sfn|SIMBAD Psi Andromedae}}
* [[Mu Andromedae|μ And]] is a white-hued main-sequence star of type A5 and magnitude 3.9.{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} It is 130 light-years away.{{sfn|SIMBAD 37 Andromedae}}
* [[Upsilon Andromedae|υ And]] (Titawin)<ref name="IAU-LSN"/> is a magnitude 4.1{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} binary system that consists of one [[F-type dwarf]] and an [[M-type dwarf]]. The primary star has a [[planetary system]] with 4 confirmed [[extrasolar planet|planets]],<ref name=Ligi2012>{{cite journal |display-authors=1 | first1=R. | last1=Ligi | first2=D. | last2=Mourard | first3=A. M. | last3=Lagrange | first4=K. | last4=Perraut | first5=T. | last5=Boyajian | first6=Ph. | last6=Bério | first7=N. | last7=Nardetto | first8=I. | last8=Tallon-Bosc | first9=H. | last9=McAlister | first10=T. | last10=ten Brummelaar | first11=S. | last11=Ridgway | first12=J. | last12=Sturmann | first13=L. | last13=Sturmann | first14=N. | last14=Turner | first15=C. | last15=Farrington | first16=P. J. | last16=Goldfinger |title=A new interferometric study of four exoplanet host stars : θ Cygni, 14 Andromedae, υ Andromedae and 42 Draconis |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=545 |pages=A5 | date=2012 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201219467 |bibcode=2012A&A...545A...5L |arxiv = 1208.3895 | s2cid=10934982 }}</ref> 0.96 times, 14.57 times, 10.19 times and 1.06 the mass of [[Jupiter]].{{sfn|''ExoPlanet'' ups And}} The system is 44 light-years from Earth.{{sfn|SIMBAD Ups And}}
* [[Xi Andromedae|ξ And]] (Adhil) is a binary star 217 light-years away. The primary is an orange-hued giant star of type K0.{{sfn|SIMBAD Xi Andromedae}}
* [[Pi Andromedae|π And]] is a blue-white hued binary star of magnitude 4.3{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} that is 598 light-years away. The primary is a main-sequence star of type B5.{{sfn|SIMBAD 29 And}} Its companion star is of magnitude 8.9.{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}}
* [[51 Andromedae|51 And]] (Nembus<ref name="IAU-LSN">{{cite web | url=https://www.iau.org/public/themes/naming_stars/ | title=Naming Stars |publisher=IAU.org |access-date=30 July 2018}}</ref>) was assigned by [[Johann Bayer]] to Perseus, where he designated it "Upsilon Persei (υ Per)", but it was moved to Andromeda by the International Astronomical Union.{{sfn|Wagman|2003|p=240}} It is 177 light-years from Earth and is an orange-hued giant star of type K3.{{sfn|SIMBAD 51 And}}
* 54 And was a former designation for [[Phi Persei|φ Per]].{{sfn|Ridpath, ''Star Tales'' Andromeda}}{{sfn|Wagman|2003|p=240}}
* [[56 Andromedae|56 And]] is an optical binary star. The primary is a yellow-hued giant star of type K0 with an apparent magnitude of 5.7{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}} that is 316 light-years away.{{sfn|SIMBAD 56 And}} The secondary is an orange-hued giant star of type K0 and magnitude 5.9 that is 990 light-years from Earth.{{sfn|Ridpath|2001|pp=72–74}}
* [[R Andromedae|R And]] is a [[Mira variable|Mira-type variable star]] with a period of 409 days. Its maximum magnitude is 5.8 and its minimum magnitude is 14.8,{{sfn|Moore|Tirion|1997|pp=116–117}} and it is at a distance of 1,250 light-years.{{sfn|SIMBAD R And}} There are 6 other Mira variables in Andromeda.{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}}
* [[Z Andromedae|Z And]] is the M-type prototype for [[Z Andromedae variable|its class]] of variable stars. It ranges in magnitude from a minimum of 12.4 to a maximum of 8.{{sfn|Moore|2000|pp=328–330}} It is 2,720 light-years away.{{sfn|SIMBAD Z And}}
* [[Ross 248]] (HH Andromedae)  is the ninth-closest star to Earth at a distance of 10.3 light-years.{{sfn|RECONS, ''The 100 Nearest Star Systems''}} It is a red-hued main-sequence [[BY Draconis variable star]] of type M6.{{sfn|SIMBAD HH And}}
* [[14 Andromedae|14 And]] (Veritate<ref name="IAU-LSN"/>) is a yellow-hued giant star of type G8 that is 251 light-years away.{{sfn|SIMBAD 14 And}} It has a mass of {{Solar mass|link=y|2.2}} and a radius of {{Solar radius|link=y|11}}. It has one planet, [[14 Andromedae b]], discovered in 2008. It orbits at a distance of 0.83 [[astronomical units]] from its parent star every 186 days and has a mass of {{Jupiter mass|link=y|4.3}}.{{sfn|''ExoPlanet'' Planet 14 And b}}

[[File:Andromeda H-R.png|alt=A Hertzsprung-Russel diagram for stars above 4th magnitude in the Andromeda constellation (axes not labelled).|thumb|250x250px|A [[Hertzsprung–Russell diagram]] for stars brighter than 4th [[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] in the constellation Andromeda (axes not labelled).]]
Of the stars brighter than 4th [[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]] (and those with measured [[luminosity]]), Andromeda has a relatively even distribution of [[Stellar evolution|evolved]] and [[Main sequence|main-sequence]] stars.