Editing Amphibian (section)

=== Anura ===
[[File:Red eyed tree frog edit2.jpg|thumb|alt=Red-eyed tree frog|[[Agalychnis callidryas|Red-eyed tree frog]] (''Agalychnis callidryas'') with limbs and feet specialised for climbing]]
The order [[Anura (frog)|Anura]] (from the Ancient Greek ''[[Privative a|a(n)-]]'' meaning "without" and ''oura'' meaning "tail") comprises the frogs and toads. They usually have long hind limbs that fold underneath them, shorter forelimbs, webbed toes with no claws, no tails, large eyes and glandular moist skin.{{sfn | Stebbins | Cohen | 1995 | p=3 }} Members of this order with smooth skins are commonly referred to as frogs, while those with [[wikt:warty|warty]] skins are known as toads. The difference is not a formal one taxonomically and there are numerous exceptions to this rule. Members of the family [[Bufonidae]] are known as the "true toads".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tolweb.org/Bufonidae |title=Bufonidae, True Toads |author1=Cannatella, David |author2=Graybeal, Anna |year=2008 |work=Tree of Life Web Project |access-date=December 1, 2012 |archive-date=June 14, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614080646/http://www.tolweb.org/Bufonidae |url-status=live }}</ref> Frogs range in size from the {{convert|30|cm|adj=on}} [[Goliath frog]] (''Conraua goliath'') of West Africa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/frogs-a-chorus-of-colors/frog-fun-facts |title=Frog fun facts |date=January 12, 2010 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=August 29, 2012 |archive-date=February 24, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224074620/http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/frogs-a-chorus-of-colors/frog-fun-facts |url-status=live }}</ref> to the {{convert|7.7|mm|adj=on}} ''[[Paedophryne amauensis]]'', first described in Papua New Guinea in 2012, which is also the smallest known vertebrate.<ref>{{cite news |title=World's smallest frog discovered in Papua New Guinea |author=Challenger, David |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/12/world/asia/new-frogs/index.html |publisher=CNN|date=January 12, 2012 |access-date=August 29, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420193348/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-01-12/asia/world_asia_new-frogs_1_frog-papua-new-guinea-body-size?_s=PM:ASIA |archive-date=April 20, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Although most species are associated with water and damp habitats, some are specialised to live in trees or in deserts. They are found worldwide except for polar areas.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book |title=Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe |last1=Arnold |first1=Nicholas |last2=Ovenden |first2= Denys |year=2002 |publisher=Harper Collins Publishers |isbn=978-0-00-219318-4 |pages=13–18}}</ref>

Anura is divided into three suborders that are broadly accepted by the scientific community, but the relationships between some families remain unclear. Future [[molecular genetics|molecular]] studies should provide further insights into their evolutionary relationships.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Faivovich| first=J.|author2=Haddad, C. F. B.|author3= Garcia, P. C. A.|author4= Frost, D. R.|author5= Campbell, J. A.|author6= Wheeler, W. C.| title=Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and revision| journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume=294| pages=1–240| doi=10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2| year=2005|citeseerx=10.1.1.470.2967| s2cid=83925199}}</ref> The suborder [[Archaeobatrachia]] contains four families of primitive frogs. These are [[Ascaphidae]], [[Bombinatoridae]], [[Discoglossidae]] and [[Leiopelmatidae]] which have few derived features and are probably paraphyletic with regard to other frog lineages.<ref name="Ford">{{cite journal| last=Ford| first=L. S.| author2=Cannatella, D. C.| year=1993| title=The major clades of frogs| journal=Herpetological Monographs| volume=7| pages=94–117| doi=10.2307/1466954| jstor=1466954 }}</ref> The six families in the more evolutionarily advanced suborder [[Mesobatrachia]] are the [[fossorial]] [[Megophryidae]], [[Pelobatidae]], [[Pelodytidae]], [[Scaphiopodidae]] and [[Rhinophrynidae]] and the obligatorily aquatic [[Pipidae]]. These have certain characteristics that are intermediate between the two other suborders.<ref name="Ford" /> [[Neobatrachia]] is by far the largest suborder and includes the remaining families of modern frogs, including most common species. Approximately 96% of the over 5,000 extant species of frog are neobatrachians.<ref>{{cite journal | last=San Mauro | first=Diego | title=Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea | journal=American Naturalist | volume=165 | pages=590–599 | year=2005 | author2=Vences, Miguel | author3=Alcobendas, Marina | author4=Zardoya, Rafael | author5=Meyer, Axel | doi=10.1086/429523 | issue=5 | pmid=15795855 | bibcode=2005ANat..165..590S | s2cid=17021360 | url=http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-33053 | access-date=November 10, 2016 | archive-date=February 7, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207031527/http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-33053 | url-status=live }}</ref>