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===New Testament=== [[File:The Sermon on the Mount (Owen Jones; p. 31).png|thumb|Ornamented "Amen" from the 1845 illuminated ''[[Sermon on the Mount]]'' designed by [[Owen Jones (architect)|Owen Jones]].]] In the New Testament, the Greek word ἀμήν is used as an expression of faith or as a part of a liturgical formula.<ref name=":0" /> It also may appear as an introductory word, especially in sayings of Jesus. Unlike the initial ''amen'' in Hebrew, which refers back to something already said, it is used by Jesus to emphasize what he is about to say (ἀμὴν λέγω, "truly I say to you"),<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strong's Greek: 281. ἀμήν (amen) -- truly|url=https://biblehub.com/greek/281.htm|access-date=2021-01-06|website=biblehub.com}}</ref> a rhetorical device that has no parallel in contemporary Jewish practice.<ref name="Amen">{{cite encyclopedia| title = Amen | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Britannica | year = 2008 | url = https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9006072/amen | access-date = 2008-03-17 }}</ref> Raymond Brown says that Jesus's peculiar and authentic reminiscent use of amen in the Fourth Gospel is an affirmation that what he is about to say is an echo from the Father.<ref>Raymond Brown, The Gospel According to John Vol 1, Anchor Bible Dictionary, page 84</ref> The word occurs 52 times in the [[Synoptic Gospels]]; the [[Gospel of John]] has 25.<ref>"Amen", ''[[Encyclopedia Biblica]]''</ref> In the [[King James Version of the Bible|King James Bible]], the word ''amen'' is seen in a number of contexts. Notable ones include: * The [[catechism]] of curses of the [[Torah|Law]] found in [[Deuteronomy]] 27.<ref name="ce"/> * A double ''amen'' ("amen and amen") occurs in [[Psalm]] 89 (Psalm 41:13; 72:19; 89:52), to confirm the words and invoke the fulfillment of them.<ref name="eastonsbibledictionary.com"/> * ''Amen'' occurs in several [[doxology]] formulas in [[Epistle to the Romans|Romans]] 1:25, 9:5, 11:36, 15:33, and several times in Chapter 16.<ref name="ce"/> It also appears in doxologies in the Psalms (41:14; 72:19; 89:53; 106:48). This liturgical form from [[Judaism]].<ref>cf. John L. McKenzie, SJ, "Dictionary of the Bible", New York: MacMillan Publ. Co., Inc., 1965. Entry: "Amen," (p. 25)</ref> * It concludes all of [[Paul of Tarsus|Paul's]] general [[epistle]]s. * In [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] 3:14, Jesus is referred to as, "the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of God's creation." The whole passage reads as "And unto the angel of the church of the Laodiceans write; These things saith the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of the creation of God". Notably, the text never specifically says that Jesus is the Amen. Although the letter is attributed to Jesus, the text refers to the Amen as having spoken the information that is being reported by Jesus in the letter. That the Amen is a witness, suggest some scholars, implies that the Amen is a being of some kind whose words are being referenced. * ''Amen'' concludes the last book of the [[New Testament]], at Rev. 22:21.
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