Editing Alexander Pushkin (section)

==Rise==
[[File:Pushkin derzhavin.jpg|thumb|Pushkin recites his poem before [[Gavrila Derzhavin]] during an exam in the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum on 8 January 1815. Painting by [[Ilya Repin]] (1911)]]
[[File:Анна Петровна Керн.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Pushkin's married lover [[Anna Petrovna Kern]], for whom he probably wrote the [[wikisource:To*** Kern|most famous love poem]] in Russian]]
He stayed in Chișinău until 1823 and wrote two [[Romanticism|Romantic]] poems which brought him acclaim: ''[[The Prisoner of the Caucasus (poem)|The Prisoner of the Caucasus]]'' and ''[[The Fountain of Bakhchisaray]]''. In 1823, Pushkin moved to [[Odessa]], where he again clashed with the government, which sent him into exile on his mother's rural estate of [[Mikhaylovskoye Museum Reserve|Mikhailovskoye]], near [[Pskov]], from 1824 to 1826.<ref>''Images of Pushkin in the works of the black "pilgrims".'' Ahern, Kathleen M. [[The Mississippi Quarterly]] p. 75(11) Vol. 55 No. 1 {{ISSN|0026-637X}}. 22 December 2001.</ref>

In Mikhaylovskoye, Pushkin wrote nostalgic love poems which he dedicated to Elizaveta Vorontsova, wife of [[Little Russia|Malorossia]]'s [[General-Governor]].<ref>{{in lang|ru}} P.K. Guber. Don Juan List of A. S. Pushkin. [[Petrograd]], 1923 (reprinted in [[Kharkiv]], 1993). pp. 78, 90–99.</ref> Then Pushkin worked on his verse-novel ''Eugene Onegin''.

In Mikhaylovskoye, in 1825, Pushkin wrote the poem ''To***''. It is generally believed that he dedicated this poem to [[Anna Petrovna Kern|Anna Kern]], but there are other opinions. Poet Mikhail Dudin believed that the poem was dedicated to the serf Olga Kalashnikova.<ref name=VNLS>{{in lang|ru}} [http://www.lych.ru/online/0ainmenu-65/32--s32008/96-n-- Vadim Nikolayev. To whom «Magic Moment» has been dedicated?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002133033/http://www.lych.ru/online/0ainmenu-65/32--s32008/96-n-- |date=2 October 2013 }}</ref> [[Pushkin studies|Pushkinist]] Kira Victorova believed that the poem was dedicated to the Empress Elizaveta Alekseyevna.<ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://esdek.narod.ru/48/pushkin.htm In an interview with Kira Victorova] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507083421/http://esdek.narod.ru/48/pushkin.htm |date=7 May 2013 }}</ref> Vadim Nikolayev argued that the idea about the Empress was marginal and refused to discuss it, while trying to prove that poem had been dedicated to Tatyana Larina, the heroine of ''Eugene Onegin''.<ref name=VNLS />

Authorities summoned Pushkin to Moscow after his poem [[Ode to Liberty (poem)|Ode to Liberty]] was found among the belongings of the rebels from the [[Decembrist revolt|Decembrist Uprising]] (1825). After his exile in 1820<ref name=TG>{{cite web|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/apr/21/pushkin-opera-debut-grange-park-marita-phillips-russian|title=Pushkin descendant puts Russian poet's turbulent life on stage for first time|author=Thorpe, Vanessa|date=21 April 2018}}</ref> Pushkin's friends and family continually petitioned for his release, sending letters and meeting [[Alexander I of Russia|Emperor Alexander I]] and then [[Nicholas I of Russia|Emperor Nicholas I]] on the heels of the Decembrist Uprising. Upon meeting [[Nicholas I of Russia|Emperor Nicholas I]] Pushkin obtained his release from exile and began to work as the emperor's Titular Counsel of the National Archives. However, because insurgents in the Decembrist Uprising (1825) in Saint Petersburg had kept some of Pushkin's earlier political poems, the emperor retained strict control of everything Pushkin published and he was banned from travelling at will.

During that same year (1825) Pushkin also wrote what would become his most famous play, the drama ''[[Boris Godunov (play)|Boris Godunov]]'', while at his mother's estate. He could not, however, gain permission to publish it until five years later. The original and uncensored version of the drama was not staged until 2007.

Around 1825–1829 he met and befriended the Polish poet [[Adam Mickiewicz]], during exile in central Russia.<ref name="psb696">[[Kazimierz Wyka]], ''Mickiewicz Adam Bernard'', Polski Słownik Biograficzny, Tome XX, 1975, p. 696</ref> In 1829 he travelled through the Caucasus to [[Erzurum]] to visit friends fighting in the Russian army during the [[Russo-Turkish War (1828–29)|Russo-Turkish War]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Reuel K.|title=The Literary Travelogue |chapter=Pushkin's Journey to Erzurum |date=1973 |pages=98–121|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-247-1558-9|doi=10.1007/978-94-010-1997-2_10}}</ref> At the end of 1829 Pushkin wanted to set off on a journey abroad, the desire reflected in his poem ''Let's go, I'm ready''.<ref>[http://feb-web.ru/feben/pushkin/texts/push17/vol03/y03-191-.htm?cmd=p Поедем, я готов; куда бы вы, друзья...]{{in lang|ru}}</ref> He applied for permission for the journey but received negative response from [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I]] on 17 January 1830.<ref>{{cite book|first=A.S.|last=Pushkin|title=Sobranie sochinenii|publisher=Khudozhestvennaya Literatura|location=Moscow|year=1974|volume=2|pages=581}}</ref>

[[Image:Natalia Pushkina by Brullov.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Natalia Pushkina, portrait by [[Alexander Brullov]], 1831.]]
Around 1828 Pushkin met [[Natalia Pushkina|Natalia Goncharova]], then 16 years old and one of the most talked-about beauties of Moscow. After much hesitation Natalia accepted a proposal of marriage from Pushkin in April 1830, but not before she received assurances that the Tsarist government had no intention of persecuting the libertarian poet. Later Pushkin and his wife became regulars of court society. They officially became engaged on 6 May 1830 and sent out wedding invitations. Owing to an outbreak of [[cholera]] and other circumstances, the wedding was delayed for a year. The ceremony took place on 18 February 1831 (Old Style) in the [[Great Ascension Church]] on [[Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street]] in Moscow.

Pushkin's marriage to Goncharova was largely a happy one, but his wife’s characteristic flirtatiousness and frivolity would lead to his fatal duel seven years later, for Pushkin had a highly jealous temperament.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pushkin |first1=Aleksandr Sergeevich |last2=Пушкин |first2=Александр Сергеевич |title=Tales of Belkin and Other Prose Writings |date=1998 |publisher=Penguin Books |location=London |isbn=0-14-044675-3 |pages=X}}</ref>

[[File:D'Anthès.jpg|thumb|right|180px|[[Georges d'Anthès]]]]
In 1831, during the period of Pushkin's growing literary influence, he met one of Russia's other influential early writers, [[Nikolai Gogol]]. After reading Gogol's 1831–1832 volume of short stories ''[[Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka]]'', Pushkin supported him and would feature some of Gogol's most famous short stories in the magazine ''[[Sovremennik|The Contemporary]]'', which he founded in 1836.