Editing Adolescence (section)

===Reproduction-related changes===
Primary sex characteristics are those directly related to the [[sex organ]]s. In males, the first stages of puberty involve growth of the testes and scrotum, followed by growth of the penis.<ref name=Tanner1971/> At the time that the penis develops, the [[seminal vesicle]]s, the [[prostate]], and the [[bulbourethral gland]] also enlarge and develop. The first ejaculation of seminal fluid generally occurs about one year after the beginning of accelerated penis growth, although this is often determined culturally rather than biologically, since for many boys the first ejaculation occurs as a result of masturbation.<ref name=Tanner1971/> Boys are generally fertile before they have an adult appearance.<ref name="Steinberg, L. 2008"/>{{Rp|page=54}}

In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. [[Menarche]], the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes.<ref>{{cite journal |author1 = Dorn L.D. | author2 = Nottelmann E.D. | author3 = Sussman E.J. | author4 = Inoff-Germain G. | author5 = Chrousos G.P. | last6 = Cutler | year = 1999 | title = Variability in hormone concentrations and self-reported menstrual histories in young adolescents: Menarche as an integral part of a developmental process | journal = Journal of Youth and Adolescence | volume = 28 | issue = 3| pages = 283–304 | doi = 10.1023/A:1021680726753 | s2cid = 142626631 }}</ref> Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years after menarche, as regular ovulation follows menarche by about two years.<ref>Hafetz, E. (1976). Parameters of sexual maturity in man. In E. Hafetz (Ed.), ''Perspectives in human reproduction'', Vol. 3: ''Sexual maturity: Physiological and clinical parameters.'' Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science Publishers.</ref> Unlike males, therefore, females usually appear physically mature before they are capable of becoming pregnant.

Changes in [[secondary sex characteristic]]s include every change that is not directly related to sexual reproduction. In males, these changes involve appearance of pubic, facial, and body hair, deepening of the voice, roughening of the skin around the upper arms and thighs, and increased development of the sweat glands. In females, secondary sex changes involve elevation of the breasts, widening of the hips, development of pubic and underarm hair, widening of the [[Areola|areolae]], and elevation of the [[Nipple|nipples.]]<ref name="Steinberg, L. 2008" />{{Rp|pages=57–58}} The changes in secondary sex characteristics that take place during puberty are often referred to in terms of five [[Tanner scale|Tanner stages]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://healthvermont.gov/family/toolkit/tools%5CJ-1%20CARD%20Tanner%20Stages.pdf |title=Tanner stages |access-date=September 15, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205151003/http://healthvermont.gov/family/toolkit/tools/J-1%20CARD%20Tanner%20Stages.pdf |archive-date=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> named after the British pediatrician who devised the categorization system.