Editing Abdulaziz (section)

=== Railroads ===
[[File:Istanbul Rahmi M Koc Museum 6022.jpg|thumb|185px|Imperial Coach used by Sultan Abdulaziz during his visit to [[Paris]], [[London]] and [[Vienna]] in 1867, currently at the [[Rahmi M. Koç Museum]] in [[Istanbul]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rmk-museum.org.tr/istanbul/en/collection/rail-transportation/imperial-coach-of-sultan|title=Imperial Coach of the Sultan|publisher=www.rmk-museum.org.tr|access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>]]

The first Ottoman railroads were opened between [[İzmir]]–[[Aydın]] and [[Alexandria]]–[[Cairo]] in 1856, during the reign of Sultan [[Abdulmejid I]]. The first large railway terminal within present-day Turkey, the [[İzmir Alsancak Terminal|Alsancak Terminal]] in İzmir, was opened in 1858. However, these were individual, unconnected railroads, without a railway network. Sultan Abdulaziz established the first Ottoman railway networks. On 17 April 1869, the concession for the [[Chemins de fer Orientaux|Rumelia Railway]] (i.e. Balkan Railways, [[Rumelia|''Rumeli'' (Rumelia)]] meaning the [[Balkans|Balkan peninsula]] in [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]]) which connected Istanbul to [[Vienna]] was awarded to Baron [[Maurice de Hirsch]] (Moritz Freiherr Hirsch auf Gereuth), a Bavaria-born banker from Belgium. The project foresaw a railway route from Istanbul via [[Edirne]], [[Plovdiv]] and [[Sarajevo]] to the shore of the [[Sava|Sava River]]. In 1873, the first [[İstanbul Sirkeci Terminal|Sirkeci Terminal]] in Istanbul was opened. The temporary Sirkeci terminal building was later replaced with the current one which was built between 1888 and 1890 (during the reign of Abdülhamid II) and became the final destination terminus of the [[Orient Express]]. In 1871, Sultan Abdulaziz established the [[Chemins de Fer Ottomans d'Anatolie#Ottoman Government Railways (1871–1888)|Anatolia Railway]]. Construction works of the {{RailGauge|1435mm|allk=on}} on the Asian side of Istanbul, from [[Haydarpaşa]] to [[Pendik]], began in 1871. The line was opened on 22 September 1872.<ref name="CFOA">[http://www.trainsofturkey.com/w/pmwiki.php/History/CFOA CFOA History] - Trains and Railways of Turkey</ref> The railway was extended to [[Gebze]], which opened on 1 January 1873. In August 1873 the railway reached [[Izmit]]. [[Chemin de Fer Moudania Brousse|Another railway extension]] was built in 1871 to serve a populated area along [[Bursa]] and the [[Sea of Marmara]]. The Anatolia Railway was then extended to [[Ankara]] and eventually to [[Mesopotamia]], [[Syria]] and [[Arabia]] during the reign of Sultan [[Abdul Hamid II|Abdulhamid II]], with the completion of the [[Baghdad Railway]] and [[Hejaz Railway]].