Editing Aargau (section)

===Under the Swiss Confederation===
[[File:Historische Karte CH 1416.png|thumb|Switzerland in 1416, showing the part of the Aargau under Bernese control, the county of Baden and the Freie Ämter.]]
When [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick IV of Habsburg]] sided with [[Antipope John XXIII]] at the [[Council of Constance]], [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] placed him under the [[Imperial ban]].{{refn | group = nb | The Imperial Ban outlawed all possessions of that person or family, in this case the Habsburgs. Thereafter, the Habsburg lands were open to the taking.<ref name=Luck>{{harvnb|Luck|1985|p=98}}</ref>}} In July 1414, the Pope visited [[Bern]] and received assurances from them, that they would move against the Habsburgs.<ref name=Luck/> A few months later the [[Swiss Confederation]] denounced the [[Treaty of 1412]]. Shortly thereafter in 1415, [[Bern]] and the rest of the Swiss Confederation used the ban as a pretext to invade the Aargau. The Confederation was able to quickly conquer the towns of Aarau, Lenzburg, Brugg and Zofingen along with most of the Habsburg castles. [[Bern]] kept the southwest portion ([[Zofingen]], [[Aarburg]], [[Aarau]], [[Lenzburg]], and [[Brugg]]), northward to the confluence of the [[Aare (river)|Aare]] and [[Reuss (river)|Reuss]].<ref name=Luck/> The important city of [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]] was taken by a united Swiss army and governed by all 8 members of the Confederation.<ref name=Luck/> Some districts, named the ''[[Freie Ämter]]'' (''free bailiwicks'') – [[Mellingen]], [[Muri District|Muri]], [[Villmergen]], and [[Bremgarten (district)|Bremgarten]], with the [[County of Baden|countship of Baden]] – were governed as "subject lands" by all or some of the Confederates. Shortly after the conquest of the Aargau by the Swiss, [[Frederick IV, Duke of Austria|Frederick]] humbled himself to the Pope. The Pope reconciled with him and ordered all of the taken lands to be returned. The Swiss refused and years later after no serious attempts at re-acquisition, the Duke officially relinquished rights to the Swiss.<ref name=Luck1>{{harvnb|Luck|1985|p=88}}</ref>