Editing ATM (section)

===Docutel in the United States===
[[File:ATM 750x1300.jpg|thumb|An [[NCR Corporation|NCR]] Personas 75-Series interior, multi-function ATM in the United States]]
After looking firsthand at the experiences in Europe, in 1968 the ATM was pioneered in the U.S. by [[Donald Wetzel]], who was a department head at a company called Docutel.<ref name="Networld Media Group"/> Docutel was a subsidiary of Recognition Equipment Inc of [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], which was producing optical scanning equipment and had instructed Docutel to explore automated baggage handling and automated gasoline pumps.<ref>{{cite book |first=James |last=Essinger  |title= ATM Networks: Their Organization, Security and Future |publisher= Elsevier International |date=1987}}</ref>

On 2 September 1969, [[Chemical Bank]] installed a prototype ATM in the U.S. at its branch in [[Rockville Centre, New York]]. The first ATMs were designed to dispense a fixed amount of cash when a user inserted a specially coded card.<ref>{{cite book |first=Rob |last=Kirkpatrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XZMrIchANY4C&pg=PA266 |title=1969: The Year Everything Changed |publisher=Skyhorse Publishing Inc. |date=2009 |page=266 |isbn=9781602393660 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225211738/http://books.google.com/books?id=XZMrIchANY4C&pg=PA266 |archive-date=25 December 2011 }}</ref> A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again."<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BtEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA84 |title=Popular Mechanics - Google Books |access-date=2011-02-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225214202/http://books.google.com/books?id=BtEDAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA84&pg=PA84 |archive-date=25 December 2011 |publisher=Hearst Magazines |date=December 2005 }}</ref> Chemical's ATM, initially known as a Docuteller was designed by [[Donald Wetzel]] and his company Docutel. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines.  Additionally, executives were concerned that customers would resist having machines handling their money.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/wetzel.htm |title=Interview with Mr. Don Wetzel |publisher=Americanhistory.si.edu |access-date=2011-02-11| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110220214346/http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/comphist/wetzel.htm| archive-date= 20 February 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> In 1995, the [[Smithsonian National Museum of American History]] recognised Docutel and Wetzel as the inventors of the networked ATM.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm |title=Automatic teller machine |publisher=Thocp.net |work=The History of Computing Project |date=17 April 2006 |access-date=2011-02-11| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110220215034/http://www.thocp.net/hardware/atm.htm| archive-date= 20 February 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref> To show confidence in Docutel, Chemical installed the first four production machines in a marketing test that proved they worked reliably, customers would use them and even pay a fee for usage. Based on this, banks around the country began to experiment with ATM installations.

By 1974, Docutel had acquired 70 percent of the U.S. market; but as a result of the early 1970s worldwide recession and its reliance on a single product line, Docutel lost its independence and was forced to merge with the U.S. subsidiary of [[Olivetti]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The rise and fall of Docutel, the Dallas-area company that created the first ATMs |url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/from-the-archives/2022/03/06/the-rise-and-fall-of-docutel-the-dallas-area-company-that-created-the-first-atms/ |website=Dallas News |access-date=4 November 2022 |language=en |date=6 March 2022}}</ref>

In 1973, Wetzel was granted [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3761682.PN.&OS=PN/3761682&RS=PN/3761682 U.S. Patent # 3,761,682] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905225829/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3761682.PN.&OS=PN/3761682&RS=PN/3761682 |date=5 September 2017 }}; the application had been filed in October 1971. However, the U.S. patent record cites at least three previous applications from Docutel, all relevant to the development of the ATM and where Wetzel does not figure, namely [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3662343.PN.&OS=PN/3662343&RS=PN/3662343 US Patent # 3,662,343] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905230255/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3662343.PN.&OS=PN/3662343&RS=PN/3662343 |date=5 September 2017 }}, [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3651976.PN.&OS=PN/3651976&RS=PN/3651976 U.S. Patent # 3651976] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905184032/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=3651976.PN.&OS=PN/3651976&RS=PN/3651976 |date=5 September 2017 }} and [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=368569.PN.&OS=PN/368569&RS=PN/368569 U.S. Patent # 3,68,569] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170905183830/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=368569.PN.&OS=PN/368569&RS=PN/368569 |date=5 September 2017 }}. These patents are all credited to Kenneth S. Goldstein, MR Karecki, TR Barnes, GR Chastian and John D. White.
[[File:A person uses an ATM at Chase Bank, NYC - 2008.tif|thumb|A [[Chase Bank]] ATM in 2008]]