Editing AGM-88 HARM (section)

====United States====
The HARM missile was approved for full production in March 1983, obtained [[initial operating capability]] (IOC) on the [[A-7E Corsair II]] in late 1983 and then deployed in late 1985 with [[Attack Squadron 46 (United States Navy)|VA-46]] aboard the aircraft carrier [[USS America (CV-66)|USS ''America'']]. In 1986, the first successful firing of the HARM from an EA-6B was performed by VAQ-131. It was soon used in combat—in March 1986 against a [[Libyan Army (1951–2011)|Libyan]] [[S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna|S-200]] surface to air missiles site in the [[Gulf of Sidra]], and then during [[Bombing of Libya (1986)|Operation Eldorado Canyon]] in April.

HARM was used extensively by the Navy, Marine Corps, and the Air Force in [[Operation Desert Storm]] during the [[Persian Gulf War]] of 1991.
During the Gulf War, the HARM was involved in a [[friendly fire]] incident when the pilot of an F-4G Wild Weasel escorting a [[B-52 Stratofortress|B-52G]] bomber mistook the latter's tail gun radar for an Iraqi [[antiaircraft artillery|AAA]] site—this was after the tail gunner of the B-52 had targeted the F-4G, mistaking it for an Iraqi [[MiG]]. The F-4 pilot launched the missile and then saw that the target was the B-52, which was hit. It survived with shrapnel damage to the tail and no casualties. The B-52 (serial number 58-0248) was subsequently renamed ''In HARM's Way''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lake |first=Jon |title=B-52 Stratofortress Units in Operation Desert Storm |year=2004 |publisher=Osprey |location=Oxford |isbn=1-84176-751-4 |pages=47–48 |edition=1st}}</ref>

"Magnum" is spoken over the radio to announce the launch of an AGM-88.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/usaf/docs/mcm3-1-a1.htm |title=MCM 3-1 |volume=1 |chapter=Attachment I: Glossary: Operational Brevity Words and Terminology |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |date=1 December 1991 |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314121936/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/usaf/docs/mcm3-1-a1.htm |archive-date=2010-03-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> During the Gulf War, if an aircraft was illuminated by enemy radar a bogus "Magnum" call on the radio was often enough to convince the operators to power down.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lambeth |first=Benjamin |title=The Transformation of American Air Power |publisher=Cornell University Press |location=Ithaca, NY |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8014-3816-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/transformationof00lamb/page/112 112] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/transformationof00lamb}}</ref> This technique would also be employed in [[Serbia and Montenegro|Yugoslavia]] during [[NATO bombing of Yugoslavia|air operations in 1999]]. On 28 April 1999, during this campaign, an early variant of the AGM-88, after being fired in self defense mode by a NATO jet, lost its radio frequency track as the Serbian air defense radar was turned off, hitting a house in the [[Gorna Banya]] district of the Bulgarian capital, [[Sofia]], causing damages, but no casualties.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/apr/30/balkans1 | title=Rogue missile hits suburb of Bulgarian capital | website=[[TheGuardian.com]] | date=30 April 1999 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/331127.stm | title=BBC News {{pipe}} Europe {{pipe}} Sofia hit by Nato missile }}</ref>

During the 1990s and early 2000s and during the initial weeks of the operation [[Iraqi Freedom]], the HARM was used to enforce the [[Iraqi no-fly zones conflict|Iraqi No-Fly-Zones]], degrading the Iraqi air defenses trying to engage US and allied patrolling aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tirpak |first=John A. |title=Legacy of the Air Blockades |url=https://www.airforcemag.com/PDF/MagazineArchive/Documents/2003/February%202003/02legacy03.pdf |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Air & Space Forces Magazine}}</ref>
During the opening days of Operation Iraqi Freedom, deconflicting US Army [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot]] batteries and allied aircraft routes turned out being more difficult than expected, resulting in three major friendly fire incidents:<ref>{{cite web | url=https://theaviationgeekclub.com/blue-blue-story-u-s-navy-F-18-shot-u-s-army-pac-3-patriot-missile-battery-oif/ | title=Blue-On-Blue! The story of the U.S. Navy F/A-18 that was shot down by a U.S. Army PAC-3 Patriot missile battery during OIF | date=7 March 2018 }}</ref> in one of them, on March 24, 2003, a USAF [[General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon variants#F-16CJ/DJ Block 50D/52D|F-16CJ Fighting Falcon]] fired an AGM-88 HARM at a Patriot missile battery after the Patriot's radar had [[Radar lock-on|locked onto]] and prepared to fire at the aircraft, causing the pilot to mistake it for an Iraqi surface-to-air missile system because the aircraft was in air combat operations and was on its way to a mission near Baghdad. The HARM damaged the Patriot's radar system with no casualties.<ref>{{cite web |title=F-16 vs Patriot friendly fire incident on 24 March 2003 in Iraq {{!}} Key Aero |url=https://www.key.aero/forum/modern-military-aviation/44425-f-16-vs-patriot-friendly-fire-incident-on-24-march-2003-in-iraq |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=www.key.aero |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=AXE |first=DAVID |date=2016-07-11 |title=That Time an Air Force F-16 and an Army Missile Battery Fought Each Other |url=https://medium.com/war-is-boring/that-time-an-air-force-f-16-and-an-army-missile-battery-fought-each-other-bb89d7d03b7d |access-date=2022-04-13 |website=War Is Boring |language=en}}</ref>

Starting in March 2011, during [[Operation Unified Protector]] against Libya, US Navy EA-18Gs had their combat debut using HARMs against Libyan air defenses together with USAF F-16CJs and Italian Tornadoes.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2166036/ea-18g-growler-airborne-electronic-attack-aircraft/ | title=EA-18G Growler Airborne Electronic Attack Aircraft |date=17 September 2021 |publisher=[[United States Navy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250205172759/https://www.navy.mil/Resources/Fact-Files/Display-FactFiles/Article/2166036/ea-18g-growler-airborne-electronic-attack-aircraft/ |archive-date=2025-02-05 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Palmas |first=Francesco |title=PASSATO E PRESENTE DELLE OPERAZIONI SEAD |url=https://www.difesa.it/InformazioniDellaDifesa/periodico/periodico_2013/Documents/R6_2013/20_33_R6_2013.pdf |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=difesa.it |language=it}}</ref>

On 24 February 2024, a US Navy [[EA-18G Growler]] from [[USS Dwight D. Eisenhower]] destroyed a [[Houthis|Houthi]]-operated [[Mi-24|Mi-24/35]] [[attack helicopter]] on the ground with an AGM-88E AARGM.<ref name="TWZ 15 May 2024">{{cite news |last1=Altman |first1=Howard |last2=Trevithick |first2=Joseph |last3=Rogoway |first3=Tyler |title=Navy EA-18G Growler Sports Puzzling Mi-24 Hind Kill Mark Overseas |url=https://www.twz.com/air/navy-ea-18g-growler-sports-puzzling-mi-24-hind-kill-mark-overseas |access-date=8 June 2024 |work=The War Zone |date=May 15, 2024}}</ref><ref name="TWZ 6 June 2024">{{cite news |last1=Altman |first1=Howard |last2=Rogoway |first2=Tyler |title=EA-18G Growler Killed A Houthi Mi-24 Hind With An AGM-88E Anti-Radiation Missile |url=https://www.twz.com/air/ea-18g-growler-killed-a-houthi-mi-24-hind-with-an-agm-88e-anti-radiation-missile |access-date=8 June 2024 |work=The War Zone |date=June 6, 2024}}</ref>