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==== Europe ==== * The [[Berber people|Berber]] tribes in the recently conquered region of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] (northwest [[Spain]]) rebel. This facilitates the establishment of an independent kingdom in the [[Cantabrian Mountains]] under King [[Alfonso I of Asturias]].<ref>{{cite book|last=de Oliviera Marques|first=A. H.|title=Hova Historia de Portugal. Portugal das Invasões Germânicas à Reconquista|year=1993|publisher=Editorial Presença|location=Lisbon|editor=Joel Serrão and A. H. de Oliverira Marques|page=123|chapter=O Portugal Islâmico}}</ref> * Duke [[Thrasimund II of Spoleto|Thrasimund II]] recovers the [[duchy of Spoleto]] and kills [[Hilderic of Spoleto|Hilderic]] with Papal-[[Duchy of Benevento|Beneventian]] aid.<ref>Hartmann, Ludo Moritz. ''Geschichte Italiens im Mittelalter''. II, pp. 2, 139.</ref> He does not return the confiscated [[Pope|papal]] cities, and his [[Military alliance|alliance]] with [[Pope Gregory III]] ruptures. * [[December]] – King [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] of the [[Lombards]] attempts to counter the growing independence of the Lombard [[Duchy|duchies]] in southern [[Italy]]. * [[Sicily]], [[Sardinia]], [[Provence]], and [[Greece]] are raided by a fleet of [[Arabs|Arab]] Muslim ships sent by the governor of [[Ifriqiya|Ifriqya]], the ones raiding South Western [[Europe]] are led by [[Habib ibn Abi Obeida al-Fihri|Habīb Ibn Abi ‘Ubayda Al-Fihrī]], while the fleet raiding Greece is led by [[Mu'awiya ibn Hisham|Mu’awiya ibn Hishām]]. All of them are successful, submitting the Islands and returning with much wealth from the spoils of war.
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