Editing 1990 FIFA World Cup (section)

==Venues==
Twelve stadiums in twelve cities were selected to host matches at the 1990 World Cup. The [[Stadio San Nicola]] in [[Bari]] and [[Turin]]'s [[Stadio delle Alpi]] were completely new venues opened for the World Cup. Of the twelve stadiums used, only four (San Siro, Luigi Ferraris, Comunale of Florence, and Renato Dall'Ara) had been used for the [[1934 FIFA World Cup]], while [[Trieste]] was the only host city from 1934 not to be selected for the 1990 tournament.

The ten existing venues all underwent extensive programmes of improvements in preparation for the tournament, forcing many of the club tenants of the stadia to move to temporary homes. Additional seating and roofs were added to most stadia, with further redevelopments seeing running tracks removed and new pitches laid. Due to structural constraints, several of the existing stadia had to be virtually rebuilt to implement the changes required.

Like España '82 and México '86, the group stage of this tournament was organized so an individual group only played in two cities in close proximity to each other. Group A only played in Rome and Florence (hosts [[Italy national football team|Italy]] played all but two competitive matches in Rome: their semi-final match was played in Napoli, and their third-place match in Bari), Group B played their matches in Naples and Bari (except for Argentina vs. Cameroon, which was the opening match of the tournament, played in Milan), Group C played their matches in Turin and Genoa, Group D played all their matches in Milan and Bologna, Group E played only in Udine and Verona, and Group F played in the insular cities of Cagliari and Palermo. The cities that hosted the most World Cup matches were the two biggest cities in Italy: Rome and Milan, each hosting six matches, and Bari, Naples, and Turin each hosted five matches. Cagliari, Udine and Palermo were the only cities of the 12 selected that did not host any knockout round matches.

The England national team, at the British government's request, played all 3 of their group stage matches in Cagliari on the island of Sardinia.<ref name="ENGseed">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/10/sports/soccer-us-must-face-italy-in-cup.html|title=U.S. must face Italy in cup|work=The New York Times|date=10 December 1989|first=Paul|last=Gardner|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117053004/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/10/sports/soccer-us-must-face-italy-in-cup.html|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref> Hooliganism, [[Football hooliganism in the United Kingdom#1980s|rife in English football in the 1980s]] had spilled over onto the European continent when 39 mostly Italian Juventus supporters [[Heysel disaster|were killed]] and 600 were injured at the 1985 European Cup Final in [[Brussels]] while trying to flee from an attack by Liverpool supporters. This hooliganism had followed the England national team while they played friendlies on the European continent – the distrust of English fans was high enough that the English Football Association's reputation and even diplomatic relations between the UK and Italy were seen to be at risk if England played any group stage matches on the Italian mainland. Thanks largely to British Sports Minister Colin Moynihan's negative remarks about English fans weeks before the match, security around Cagliari during England's three matches there was heavy – in addition to 7,000 local police, the [[Carabinieri]] and [[Italian special forces|special forces]] of the [[Italian Armed Forces|Italian military]] were also there patrolling the premises. The Italian authorities' presence proved to be justified as there were several riots during the time England were playing their matches in Cagliari, leading to a number of injuries, arrests and even deportations.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/17/sports/world-cup-90-fan-violence-at-world-cup-finals.html |title=WORLD CUP '90; Fan Violence at World Cup Finals|work=The New York Times|date=17 June 1990|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126062842/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/17/sports/world-cup-90-fan-violence-at-world-cup-finals.html|archive-date=26 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-11-sp-210-story.html|title=WORLD CUP '90: English Fans Clash With Riot Police|newspaper=LA Times|date=11 June 1990|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127045850/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-11-sp-210-story.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref>

Most of the construction cost in excess of their original estimates and total costs ended up being over £550&nbsp;million (approximately $935&nbsp;million). Rome's [[Stadio Olimpico]] which hosted the final was the most expensive project overall, while Udine's [[Stadio Friuli]], the newest of the existing stadia (opened 14 years prior), cost the least to redevelop.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
![[Milan]]
![[Rome]]
![[Turin]]
![[Naples]]
|-
|[[San Siro]]
|[[Stadio Olimpico]]
|[[Stadio delle Alpi]]
|[[Stadio San Paolo]]
|-
|{{small|{{Coord|45|28|40.89|N|9|7|27.14|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=San Siro}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|41|56|1.99|N|12|27|17.23|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Olimpico}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|45|06|34.42|N|7|38|28.54|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio delle Alpi}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|40|49|40.68|N|14|11|34.83|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio San Paolo}}}}
|-
|Capacity: '''74,559'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''73,603'''<ref name="Cap1">{{Cite news |title=WM 1990 Sonderheft |page=185 |newspaper=Kicker |date=May–June 1990 |language=de }}</ref><ref name="Cap2">{{Cite news |title=World Cup '90: The Complete Collection |publisher=Orbis }}</ref>
|Capacity: '''62,628'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''59,978'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|-
|[[File:San Siro - panoramio (2).jpg|alt=|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Stadio Olimpico 2008.JPG|alt=|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Torino, Stadio 'Delle Alpi', Mondiali 1990, Brasile-Svezia 2-1.jpg|alt=|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Stadio San Paolo (Napoli vs Club Brugge) - panoramio (4).jpg|200px]]
|-
![[Bari]]
!rowspan=10 colspan=2|
{{location map+|Italy|AlternativeMap = Italy location map December 1963 - 1992.svg|float=none|width=400|caption=|places=
{{location map~|Italy|lat=41.933886|long=12.454786|label=[[Rome]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=45.478025|long=9.124206|label=[[Milan]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=40.827967|long=14.193008|label=[[Naples]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=45.109561|long=7.641261|label=[[Turin]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=41.084736|long=16.840072|label=[[Bari]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=45.435356|long=10.968647|label=[[Verona]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=43.780822|long=11.282258|label=[[Florence]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=39.199394|long=9.134953|label=[[Cagliari]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=44.492314|long=11.309667|label=[[Bologna]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=46.081603|long=13.200136|label=[[Udine]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=38.152767|long=13.342275|label=[[Palermo]]}}
{{location map~|Italy|lat=44.416431|long=8.952428|label=[[Genoa]]}}}}
![[Florence]]
|-
|[[Stadio San Nicola]]
|[[Stadio Artemio Franchi|Stadio Comunale]]
|-
|{{small|{{Coord|41|5|5.05|N|16|50|24.26|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio San Nicola}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|43|46|50.96|N|11|16|56.13|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Artemio Franchi}}}}
|-
|Capacity: '''51,426'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''38,971'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|-
|[[File:Stadio San Nicola Bari 2009.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]
|[[File:Soccer in Florence, Italy, 2007.jpg|200px]]
|-
![[Verona]]
![[Udine]]
|-
|[[Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi]]
|[[Stadio Friuli]]
|-
|{{small|{{Coord|45|26|7.28|N|10|58|7.13|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|46|4|53.77|N|13|12|0.49|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Friuli}}}}
|-
|Capacity: '''35,950'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''35,713'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|-
|[[File:Italy - Verona - Stadio Marcantonio Bentegodi.jpg|200px]]
|[[File:Stadio "Friuli" - panoramio.jpg|200px]]
|-
![[Cagliari]]
![[Bologna]]
![[Palermo]]
![[Genoa]]
|-
|[[Stadio Sant'Elia]]
|[[Stadio Renato Dall'Ara]]
|[[Stadio Renzo Barbera|Stadio La Favorita]]
|[[Stadio Luigi Ferraris]]
|-
|{{small|{{Coord|39|11|57.82|N|9|8|5.83|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Sant'Elia}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|44|29|32.33|N|11|18|34.80|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Renato Dall'Ara}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|38|9|9.96|N|13|20|32.19|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Renzo Barbera}}}}
|{{small|{{Coord|44|24|59.15|N|8|57|8.74|E|region:IT_type:landmark|display=inline|name=Stadio Luigi Ferraris}}}}
|-
|Capacity: '''35,238'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''34,520'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''33,288'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|Capacity: '''31,823'''<ref name="Cap1"/><ref name="Cap2"/>
|-
|[[File:Stadio Sant'Elia 1970.jpg|alt=|200x200px]]
|[[File:Stadio Dall'Ara 01-02-2020.jpg|200px]]
|[[File:Stadio R Barbera.JPG|alt=|frameless|200x200px]]
|[[File:Stadio Luigi Ferraris di Genova.jpg|200px]]
|}