Editing 1976 Summer Olympics (section)

==Cost and cost overrun==
The ''Oxford Olympics Study'' estimates the outturn cost of the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics at US$6.1&nbsp;billion in 2015 dollars and cost overrun at 720% in real terms.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Flyvbjerg|first1=Bent|url=https://eureka.sbs.ox.ac.uk/6195/1/2016-20.pdf|title=The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games|last2=Stewart|first2=Allison|last3=Budzier|first3=Alexander|publisher=Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford)|year=2016|location=Oxford|pages=9–13|ssrn=2804554|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207002848/https://eureka.sbs.ox.ac.uk/6195/1/2016-20.pdf|archive-date=February 7, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> This includes sports-related costs only, that is, ''operational costs'' incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and ''direct capital costs'' incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast centre, and media and press centre, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are ''not'' included, such as those for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost overrun for Montreal 1976 is the highest cost overrun on record for any Olympics. The cost and cost overrun for Montreal 1976 compares with costs of US$4.6&nbsp;billion and a cost overrun of 51% for Rio de Janeiro in 2016 and $15&nbsp;billion and 76% for London in 2012. The average cost for the Summer Games from 1960 to 2016 was $5.2&nbsp;billion in 2015 dollars, and the average cost overrun was 176%.

Much of the cost overruns were caused by the ''Conseil des métiers de la construction'' union, whose leader was [[André Desjardins|André "Dede" Desjardins]].<ref name="Bauch">{{cite news|last=Bauch|first=Hubert|title=Taillibert: Blame Ottawa, Quebec|newspaper=The Montreal Gazette|date=September 14, 2000|url=http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mozuz/crime/lemieszewski20001102.html|access-date= December 7, 2017|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180918123620/http://www.telusplanet.net/public/mozuz/crime/lemieszewski20001102.html|archive-date = September 18, 2018|url-status     = dead|df= mdy-all}}</ref> French architect [[Roger Taillibert]], who designed the Olympic stadium, recounted in his 2000 book ''Notre Cher Stade Olympique'' that he and Montreal mayor [[Jean Drapeau]] tried hard to buy off Desjardins, even taking him to a lunch at the exclusive Ritz-Carlton hotel in a vain attempt to end the "delays".<ref name="Bauch"/> Ultimately Quebec Premier [[Robert Bourassa]] made a secret deal to buy off Desjardins, which finally allowed work to proceed.<ref name="Bauch"/> Taillibert wrote in ''Notre Cher Stade Olympique'' "If the Olympic Games took place, it was thanks to Dede Desjardins. What irony!"<ref name="Bauch"/>