Editing 1854 (section)

=== July–September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[James Ambrose Cutting]] takes out the first of his three United States [[patent]]s for improvements to the [[wet plate]] [[collodion process]] ([[Ambrotype]] photography).
* [[July 6]] &ndash; In [[Jackson, Michigan]], the first convention of the [[Republican Party (United States)|U.S. Republican Party]] is held.
* [[July 7]] &ndash; The [[Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company]] is established as the first [[cotton mill]] in India by Cowasjee Nanabhoy Davar and associates.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; [[Sa'id of Egypt|Mohamed Sa'id Pasha]] succeeds his nephew [[Abbas I of Egypt|Abbas]] as the [[Wali_(administrative_title)|Wāli]] of [[Egypt]] and [[Sudan]], then a province of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The ''[[Bienio progresista]]'' revolutionary coup occurs in Spain.
* [[July 19]] &ndash; [[Wood's despatch]] is sent by [[Charles Wood, 1st Viscount Halifax]] to [[Lord Dalhousie]], Governor General of India, proposing radical improvements to the Indian educational system.<ref>{{cite web|title=Introduction to Wood Despatch of 1854|url=http://www.kkhsou.in/main/education/wood_despatch.html|publisher=Krishna Kanta Handiqui State Open University|year=2011|access-date=2014-10-09}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; [[John, King of Saxony|Johann]] succeeds to the [[Kingdom of Saxony|throne of Saxony]], on the death of his brother.
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Battle of Bomarsund]]: Russian troops on the island of Bomarsund, in [[Åland]], surrender to French–British troops.
* [[August 19]] &ndash; [[John Lawrence Grattan]] leads 29 United States troops and a civilian interpreter in attack on Lakota village over dispute involving emigrant cow. Grattan's command was annihilated. 
* [[August 27]] &ndash; English lawyer [[Alfred Wills]] and party set out for the first ascent of the [[Wetterhorn]] in Switzerland, regarded as the start of the "[[golden age of alpinism]]".<ref>{{cite web|title=Wetterhorn during the golden and the post golden age|url=http://www.summitpost.org/wetterhorn-during-the-golden-and-the-post-golden-age/593265|publisher=summitpost.org|year=2010|access-date=2011-01-26}}</ref>
* [[August 31]]&ndash;[[September 8]] &ndash; An epidemic of [[cholera]] in London kills over 10,000. [[John Snow (physician)|Dr John Snow]] traces the source of one outbreak (that killed 500) to a single [[pump|water pump]], validating his theory that [[cholera]] is water-borne, and forming the starting point for [[epidemiology]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Steven|last=Johnson|author-link=Steven Johnson (author)|title=[[The Ghost Map: a street, an epidemic and the two men who battled to save Victorian London]]|location=London|publisher=Allen Lane|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7139-9974-7}}</ref>[[File:Snow-cholera-map.jpg|thumb|Original map by Dr [[John Snow (physician)|John Snow]] showing the [[Cluster (epidemiology)|clusters]] of [[cholera]] cases in the London epidemic of 1854]]
* [[September 9]] &ndash; British [[Inman Line]]'s {{SS|City of Philadelphia|1854}} is wrecked off [[Cape Race]] (Newfoundland) on her maiden voyage without loss of life.
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Crimean War]]: [[Battle of Alma]] &ndash; The French–British alliance wins the first major land engagement of the war.[[File:The battle of the Alma in 1854 (1856), by Horace Vernet.png|thumb|[[Battle of Alma]]]]
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[SS Arctic disaster|SS ''Arctic'' disaster]]: The American [[paddle steamer]] {{SS|Arctic}} sinks after a collision with the much smaller French ship {{SS|Vesta}}, 50 miles (80&nbsp;km) off the coast of [[Newfoundland]], with approximately 320 deaths.