Editing 1819 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; German astronomer [[Johann Georg Tralles]] discovers what will be called the [[Great Comet of 1819]].<ref>Dometa Wiegand Brothers, ''The Romantic Imagination and Astronomy: On All Sides Infinity'' (Springer, 2015) p. 127</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; Explorer [[William Parry (explorer)|William Parry]], sailing in the Arctic in a quest for the [[Northwest Passage]] through North America, guides the ships [[HMS Hecla (1815)|HMS ''Hecla'']] and [[HMS Griper (1813)|HMS ''Griper'']] through an iceberg-laden passage that will later be named the [[Parry Channel]].<ref>Clements R. Markham, ''The Lands of Silence: A History of Arctic and Antarctic Exploration'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p. 207</ref>  
* [[July 24]] &ndash; A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister [[Lord Liverpool]] to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of [[George IV of the United Kingdom|George, Prince of Wales]], the regent for his ailing father King George III.  Despite reports that [[Caroline of Brunswick|Princess Caroline]] is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation.<ref>Saul David, ''Prince of Pleasure: The Prince of Wales and the Making of the Regency'' (Grove Press, 2000) p. 388</ref>
* [[July 30]] &ndash; At [[Edwardsville, Illinois]], the United States concludes a treaty with the [[Kickapoo people|Kickapoo tribe]], receiving their lands in return for their relocation to Missouri.<ref>Arrell M. Gibson, ''Kickapoos: Lords of the Middle Border'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1975) p. 81.</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; The first [[Hep-Hep riots]], communal [[pogrom]]s against [[Ashkenazi Jews]] in the German Federation begin at [[Würzburg]] in Bavaria. They continue until October with many Jews killed.
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Norwich University]] is founded by Captain [[Alden Partridge]] in [[Vermont]] as the first private military school in the United States.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Battle of Boyacá]]: [[Simón Bolívar]] is victorious over the Royalist Army in [[Colombia]]. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from [[Viceroyalty of New Granada|Spanish rule]].
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Peterloo Massacre]]:  A [[yeomanry]] unit charges into a crowd of [[Radicals (UK)|radical]] protesters in [[Manchester]], England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries.
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Salon of 1819]] opens in [[Paris]]. Amongst the exhibits is ''[[The Raft of the Medusa]]''.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; The [[1819 Balloon riot|Balloon Riot]] occurs in the U.S. at Vauxhall Garden in [[Philadelphia]] after guards beat a boy unconscious when he attempts to avoid buying a ticket. Crowds break down the fence and rip the [[hot air balloon]] to pieces.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Joseph |title=Vauxhall Garden |journal=The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography |date=1933 |volume=LVII |issue=4 |page=294 |url=https://journals.psu.edu/pmhb/article/download/28291/28047/0 |access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref> 
* [[September 20]] &ndash; The [[Carlsbad Decrees]] are issued throughout the [[German Confederation]] in response to the March assassination of [[August von Kotzebue]], suppressing liberal and nationalist views.