Editing 1809 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
[[File:Lord Castlereagh Marquess of Londonderry.jpg|thumb|150px|''[[Lord Castlereagh (painting)|Lord Castlereagh]]'' by [[Thomas Lawrence]]. The Irish politician fought a duel with his colleague [[George Canning]] on [[Putney Heath]].]] 
* [[July 5]] &ndash; [[Battle of Wagram]] begins.
* [[July 6]] &ndash; French troops arrest [[Pope Pius VII]], and take him to [[Liguria]].
**[[Napoleon]] defeats the Austrians at the [[Battle of Wagram]].
* [[July 8]]&ndash;[[July 9|9]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]] &ndash; [[naval battle of Porkala|Naval Battle of Porkala]]: The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats the Russians. 
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Znaim]] begins.
* [[July 11]] French Marshal, [[Auguste de Marmont]], and [[André Masséna]] fights inconclusively against the Austrians, in The [[Battle of Znaim]]  
* [[July 16]] &ndash; The city of [[La Paz]] (in modern-day [[Bolivia]]) declares its independence from the [[Spanish Crown]] and forms the ''[[La Paz revolution|Junta Tuitiva]]'', the first independent government in Spanish America, led by [[Pedro Domingo Murillo]].
* [[July 28]] &ndash; Peninsula War &ndash; [[Battle of Talavera]]: Sir [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]'s British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French force.<ref name=CBH/>
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[Walcheren Campaign]]: A British invasion army lands on [[Walcheren]].
* August &ndash; The {{USS|Constitution}} ("Old Ironsides") is recommissioned as the flagship of the North Atlantic Squadron.
* [[August 8]] &ndash; Seventy disciples of [[Vilna Gaon]] arrive in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].
* [[August 10]] &ndash; [[Ecuador]] declares independence from Spain.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Battle of Almonacid]] de Toledo: A poorly led Spanish army is defeated by King [[Joseph Bonaparte]]'s French army.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Finnish War]]: The [[Peace of Hamina]] is signed between Russia and Sweden. The future [[Grand Duchy of Finland]] is ceded to Russia by the [[Treaty of Fredrikshamn]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; A new theatre for the [[Royal Opera House]] opens in London to replace the first, burnt down in a fire in [[1808]]. The price increases lead to the [[Old Price Riots, 1809|Old Price Riots]], which last for 64 days.
* [[September 21]] &ndash; British [[Secretary of State for War and the Colonies|Secretary of War]] [[Lord Castlereagh]] and [[Foreign Secretary (United Kingdom)|Foreign Secretary]] [[George Canning]] [[Canning–Castlereagh duel|meet in a duel]] on [[Putney Heath]], with Castlereagh wounding Canning in the thigh.