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=== July–September === * [[July 9]] – Traveller [[Jonas Hanway]] leaves St. Petersburg to return home, via [[Holy Roman Empire|Germany]] and the [[Dutch Republic|Netherlands]]. Later the same year, Hanway reputedly becomes the first Englishman to use an [[umbrella]] (a French fashion). * [[July 11]] – [[Halifax (former city)|Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]] is almost completely destroyed by fire.<ref>Cornelius Walford, ed., ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'' (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 52.</ref> * [[July 31]] – [[Joseph I of Portugal|José I]] takes over the throne of [[Portuguese Empire|Portugal]] from his deceased father, João V. King José Manuel appoints the [[Marquis of Pombal]] as his Chief Minister, who then strips the [[Inquisition]] of its power. * [[August 8]] – In advance of the [[Province of Georgia]] changing in status from a corporate-owned American settlement to a British colony, Royal Assent is given to an act that lifts the province's ban on slavery; effective January 1, "it shall and may be lawful to import or bring Black Slaves or Negroes in to the Province of Georgia of America and to keep and to use the same therein".<ref>Christopher C. Meyers, ''The Empire State of the South: Georgia History in Documents and Essays'' (Mercer University Press, 2008) p. 113.</ref> * [[August 20]] – French astronomer [[Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille]], by way of the Foreign Minister, the [[Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx|Marquis de Puisieulx]] and Netherlands ambassador to [[Paris]] [[Mattheus Lestevenon]], sends a letter that ultimately persuades the States-General of the Dutch Republic to allow and partially finance Lacaille's stellar trigonometry mission to the [[Cape of Good Hope]]. The expedition departs [[Lorient]] on October 21.<ref>Ian S. Glass, ''Nicolas-Louis De La Caille, Astronomer and Geodesist'' (Oxford University Press, 2013) pp. 30-33.</ref><ref>Thomas Maclear, ''Verification and Extension of La Caille's Arc of Meridian at the Cape of Good Hope'' (Mowry and Barclay, 1838) p. 58.</ref> * [[September 30]] – [[Crispus Attucks]], an enslaved African-American who will later become the first person killed in the [[Boston Massacre]] of 1770, escapes from the [[Framingham, Massachusetts]] estate of slaveowner William Brown.<ref>"Crispus Attucks— First martyr of the American Revolution", by Lerone Bennett, Jr., ''Ebony'' magazine (July 1968) p. 87.</ref><ref>KaaVonia Hinton, ''The Story of the Underground Railroad'' (Mitchell Lane Publishers, 2010) p. 24.</ref> In an unsuccessful attempt to recapture the fugitive, Brown runs an advertisement on October 2 in the ''Boston Gazette'', but Attucks eludes recapture.
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