Editing 16th century (section)

===[[1520s]]===
[[File:Retrato de Hernando de Magallanes.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ferdinand Magellan]] led the first expedition that [[circumnavigated]] the globe in 1519–1522.]]

* [[1520]]–[[1566]]: The reign of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]] marks the zenith of the [[Ottoman Empire]].
* [[1520]]: The first European diplomatic mission to [[Ethiopia]], sent by the [[Portugal|Portuguese]], arrives at [[Massawa]] 9 April, and reaches the imperial encampment of Emperor [[Dawit II]] in [[Shewa]] 9 October.
* [[1520]]: [[Vijayanagara Empire]] forces under [[Krishnadevaraya]] defeat the [[Adil Shahi dynasty|Adil Shahi]] under at the [[Battle of Raichur]]
* [[1520]]: Sultan [[Ali Mughayat Syah|Ali Mughayat Shah]] of [[Aceh]] begins an expansionist campaign capturing Daya on the west [[Sumatran]] coast (in present-day Indonesia), and the pepper and gold producing lands on the east coast.
* [[1520]]: The [[Portugal|Portuguese]] established a [[trading post]] in the village of Lamakera on the eastern side of [[Solor]] (in present-day Indonesia) as a transit harbour between [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]] and [[Malacca]].
* [[1521]]: [[Belgrade]] (in present-day Serbia) is [[Siege of Belgrade (1521)|captured]] by the Ottoman Empire.
* [[1521]]: After building fortifications at [[Tuen Mun]], the Portuguese attempt to invade [[Ming dynasty]] China, but are expelled by Chinese naval forces.
* [[1521]]: [[Philippines]] encountered by [[Ferdinand Magellan]]. He was later killed in the [[Battle of Mactan]] in central Philippines in the same year.
* [[1521]]: [[Jiajing Emperor]] ascended the throne of [[Ming dynasty]], China.
* [[1521]]: November, [[Ferdinand Magellan]]'s expedition reaches [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]] (in present-day Indonesia) and after trade with [[Ternate]] returns to Europe with a load of [[cloves]].
* [[1521]]: [[Pati Unus]] leads the invasion of [[Malacca]] (in present-day Malaysia) against the Portuguese occupation. Pati Unus was killed in this battle, and was succeeded by his brother, sultan [[Trenggana]].
* [[1522]]: [[Rhodes]] [[Siege of Rhodes (1522)|falls]] to the Ottomans of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Sandra Arlinghaus |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sarhaus/larimore02/suleiman.html |title=Life Span of Suleiman the Magnificent 1494–1566 |publisher=Personal.umich.edu |access-date=2013-05-05}}</ref>[[File:Sack of Rome of 1527 by Johannes Lingelbach 17th century.jpg|thumb|''[[Sack of Rome (1527)|Sack of Rome of 1527]]'' by [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]'s forces (painting by [[Johannes Lingelbach]])|280x280px]]
* [[1522]]: The Portuguese ally themselves with the rulers of [[Sultanate of Ternate|Ternate]] (in present-day Indonesia) and begin construction of a fort.<ref name="RICKLEFS_p24" />
* [[1522]]: August, [[Luso-Sundanese Treaty]] signed between [[Portugal]] and [[Sunda Kingdom]] granted Portuguese permit to build fortress in [[Sunda Kelapa]].
* [[1523]]: [[Sweden]] [[Foundation of Modern Sweden|gains independence]] from the [[Kalmar Union]].
* [[1523]]: The [[Cacao bean]] is introduced to Spain by [[Hernán Cortés]]
* [[1524]]–[[1525]]: [[German Peasants' War]] in the [[Holy Roman Empire]].
* [[1524]]: [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]] is the first European to explore the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic coast]] of [[North America]] between [[South Carolina]] and [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]].
* [[1524]]: [[Ismail I]], the founder of [[Safavid dynasty]], dies and [[Tahmasp I]] becomes king.[[File:OttomanJanissariesAndDefendingKnightsOfStJohnSiegeOfRhodes1522.jpg|thumb|upright|Gun-wielding Ottoman [[Janissaries]] and defending [[Knights of Saint John]] at the [[Siege of Rhodes (1522)|siege of Rhodes]] in 1522, from an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[manuscript]]]]
* [[1525]]: [[Timurid Empire]] forces under [[Babur]] defeat the [[Lodi dynasty]] at the [[First Battle of Panipat]], end of the [[Delhi Sultanate]].
* [[1525]]: [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] and [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] forces defeat France at the [[Battle of Pavia]], [[Francis I of France]] is captured.
* [[1526]]: The Ottomans defeat the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] at the [[Battle of Mohács]].
* [[1526]]: [[Mughal Empire]], founded by Babur.
* [[1527]]: [[Sack of Rome (1527)|Sack of Rome]] with [[Pope Clement VII]] escaping and the Swiss Guards defending the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] being killed. The sack of the city of Rome considered the end of the [[Italian Renaissance]].
* [[1527]]: [[Protestant Reformation]] begins in [[Sweden]].
* [[1527]]: The last ruler of [[Majapahit]] falls from power. This state (located in present-day Indonesia) was finally extinguished at the hands of the [[Demak Sultanate|Demak]]. A large number of courtiers, artisans, priests, and members of the royalty moved east to the island of Bali; however, the power and the seat of government transferred to Demak under the leadership of Pangeran, later [[Raden Patah|Sultan Fatah]].
* [[1527]]: June 22, The Javanese Prince [[Fatahillah]] of the [[Sultanate of Cirebon|Cirebon Sultanate]] successfully defeated the Portuguese armed forces at the site of the [[Sunda Kelapa]] Harbor. The city was then renamed [[Jayakarta]], meaning "a glorious victory." This eventful day came to be acknowledged as Jakarta's Founding Anniversary.
* [[1527]]: [[Mughal Empire]] forces defeat the [[Rajput]] led by [[Rana Sanga]] of [[Mewar]] at the [[Battle of Khanwa]]
* [[1529]]: The [[Austrians]] defeat the [[Ottoman Empire]] at the [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|siege of Vienna]].
* [[1529]]: [[Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)|Treaty of Zaragoza]] defined the [[antimeridian]] of [[Treaty of Tordesillas|Tordesillas]] attributing the [[Moluccas]] to Portugal and [[Philippines]] to Spain.
* [[1529]]: [[Imam]] [[Ahmad Gurey]] defeats the [[Ethiopia]]n Emperor [[Dawit II of Ethiopia|Dawit II]] in the [[Battle of Shimbra Kure]], the opening clash of the [[Ethiopian–Adal War]].