Editing 1666 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; During the [[Portuguese Restoration War]] between Portugal and Spain, the [[Battle of the Berlengas (1666)|Battle of the Berlengas]] ends after four days as a fleet of 15 Spanish warships obtains the surrender of [[Fort of São João Baptista (Berlengas)|Fort of São João Baptista]].
* [[July 6]] &ndash; On 3 Muharram 1077 AH on the Muslim calendar, [[Sa'd ibn Zayd]], a descendant of [[Hasan ibn Ali]] and of [[Muhammad]] (founder of [[Islam]]) becomes the new [[Sharif of Mecca]], in modern-day [[Saudi Arabia]]. His ascension to the post follows the death of his father, [[Zayd ibn Muhsin]], who had been the Sharif since 1631.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Matwy]], the bloodiest engagement of [[Lubomirski's rebellion]], takes place in [[Poland]] at the village of [[Matwy]]. [[Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski]], who has led the revolt against Poland's [[John II Casimir Vasa|King Jan II Kazimierz]], defeats a larger number of troops led by [[John III Sobieski]] of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Poland and Lithuania sustain 4,000 deaths compared to 200 rebel casualties.  
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The [[Agreement of Legonice]] is signed, with Poland restoring the titles of Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski and Lubomirski's officers, granting amnesty to all the rebels, and King Jan II Kazimierz abandoning further reform plans.
* [[August 2]] ([[July 23]] [[Julian calendar]]) &ndash; A hurricane sweeps through the Caribbean Sea near [[Guadeloupe]] five days after Barbados colonial Governor [[Francis Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby of Parham|Francis Willoughby]] led a force of two Royal Navy frigates, 12 commandeered vessels and over 1,000 men in a battle against French colonies during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Willoughby and most of his crew die in the sinking of his flagship, HMS ''Hope''
* [[August 4]] ([[July 25]] [[Julian calendar]]) &ndash; In the [[St. James's Day Battle]] of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]], the English Royal Navy, under the command of [[Prince Rupert of the Rhine]] and [[George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle]], defeats the Dutch Republic navy off the [[North Foreland]] of England. The victory comes 6 weeks after the British fleet had sustained a heavy loss in the [[Four Days' Battle]]. The Dutch ships ''Sneek'' and ''Tholen'' are sunk, with the loss of 800 men, while 300 Englishmen die in the sinking of [[HMS Resolution (1660)|HMS ''Resolution'']].
* [[August 17]] &ndash; In [[India]], General [[Shivaji|Shivaji Bhonsale]], future ruler of the [[Maratha Confederacy|Maratha Empire]], and his son [[Sambhaji]] escape from house arrest at the [[Agra Fort]], where they have been held prisoner since May 12.
* [[August 19]] ([[August 9]] Julian calendar) &ndash; Rear Admiral [[Robert Holmes (Royal Navy officer)|Robert Holmes]] leads an English Royal Navy raid on the Dutch island of [[Terschelling]], destroying 150 merchant ships in the [[Vlie]] estuary over a period of two days, and pillaging the town of [[West-Terschelling]].  The action becomes known as "[[Holmes's Bonfire]]". 
* [[September 2]] &ndash; The [[Great Fire of London]] begins as a blaze in a bakery owned by [[Thomas Farriner]] on [[Pudding Lane]], near [[London Bridge]]. Over a period of four days, the fire destroys more than 13,000 buildings (including [[Old St Paul's Cathedral]]), but only six people are known to have died,<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref> while at least 80,000<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tinniswood |first1=Adrian |author-link1=Adrian  Tinniswood |title=By Permission of Heaven: The Story of the Great Fire of London |date=2003 |publisher=Jonathan Cape |location=London |isbn=9780224062268 |page=4, 101}}</ref> are left destitute and homeless. The events are recorded by [[Samuel Pepys]] in his diary. The resurveying of property is credited with advancing both cartography and the practices of surveying, as well as resulting in the modern definition by [[John Ogilby]] of the [[statute mile]], as 1,760 yards.<ref>{{cite book|title=[[Connections (book)|Connections]]|edition=Pbk|page=265|authorlink=James Burke (science historian)|first=James|last=Burke}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] &ndash; Mughal Emperor [[Aurangzeb]] grants the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] a royal mandate to trade at the port of [[Surat]].<ref>Gregory Mole, ''Privileging Commerce: The Compagnie des Indes and the politics of trade in old Regime France'' (doctoral dissertation, Carolina Digital Repository, 2016) p. 35</ref>
* [[September 6]] &ndash; The ''[[Cestui Que Vie Act 1666]]'' is passed by the [[Parliament of England]], to provide for the disposal of the property of missing persons.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; The [[Apostasy]] of [[Sabbatai Zevi]] begins in [[Istanbul]].