Editing 1665 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; The first documented case of [[cyclopia]] is diagnosed in a horse.
* [[July 7]] &ndash; King Charles II of England leaves London with his entourage, fleeing the [[Great Plague of London|Great Plague]]. He moves his court to [[Salisbury]], then [[Exeter]].
* [[July 9]] &ndash; The colonization of the south Indian Ocean island [[Réunion]] begins, with the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|Compagnie des Indes Orientales]] sending 20 permanent settlers, under the command of Etienne Regnault, from the French ship ''Taureau''.<ref>Raoul Lucas and Mario Serviable, ''Commandants et gouverneurs de l'île de La Réunion'' (Océan Éditions, 2008)</ref>
* [[July 11]] &ndash; Pierre de Beausse, an envoy of France's King [[Louis XIV]], formally claims possession of the African island of [[Madagascar]] on behalf of the [[Louis XIV's East India Company|French East India Company]] after landing on the coast in the 32-gun frigate ''Saint-Paul''.<ref>"Theological and Religious Intelligence: A General View of Missions, IX. Madagascar", in ''The Andover Review'' (June 1888) p.648</ref>
* [[August 2]] &ndash; The Dutch fleet defeats the English in the [[Battle of Vågen]] off Norway in the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]].
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The Great Plague forces the closure of the [[University of Cambridge]], where [[Isaac Newton]] is a student.<ref>"Newton, Sir Isaac", in ''Dictionary of National Biography'', Vol. XL (Myllar—Nicholls) (Smith, Elder & Co., 1894) p. 372</ref> Newton retires to his home in [[Lincolnshire]] for safety, and stays there for two years.<ref>{{cite book | last = Hitzeroth | first = Deborah | title = Sir Isaac Newton | publisher = Lucent Books | location = San Diego, CA | year = 1994 | isbn = 9781560060468 | page=24}}</ref> During this time alone, Newton will make groundbreaking discoveries in [[mathematics]], [[calculus]], [[mechanics]] and [[optics]], and lay the foundations for his books ''[[Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'' and ''[[Optiks]]''.
* [[August 27]] &ndash; ''Ye Bare & Ye Cubbe'', the first play in English in the American colonies, is given its first performance.  The presentation takes place at Cowles Tavern in [[Pungoteague, Virginia]].<ref>[https://jlaschulman.tripod.com/id28.html "1665 The First Play"], by Joel Eis</ref> The event is documented in 1958 in a historical marker with the heading "The Bear and the Cub" which says "This first play recorded in the United States was presented August 27, 1665. The [[Accomack County, Virginia|Accomack County]] Court at Pungoteague heard charges against three men 'for acting a play,' ordered inspection of costumes and script, but found the men 'not guilty.'"<ref> [https://vcris.dhr.virginia.gov/HistoricMarkers/ Historical Highway Markers, "The Bear and the Cub WY-17"], Virginia Department of Historic Resources</ref>
* [[September 17]] &ndash; [[Charles II of Spain]] becomes king while not yet four years old.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Molière]]'s ''[[L'Amour médecin]]'' is first presented, before [[Louis XIV of France]], at the [[Palace of Versailles]], with music by [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]].
* [[September]] &ndash; [[Robert Hooke]]'s ''[[Micrographia]]'' is published in London, first applying the term '[[Cell (biology)|cell]]' to plant tissue, which he discovered first in [[Cork (material)|cork]], then in living organisms, using a [[microscope]].