Editing 1661 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] &ndash; The [[Russo-Swedish War (1656–58)|war between the empires of Russia and Sweden]] is ended with the signing of the [[Treaty of Cardis]] in what is now the [[Estonia]]n city of [[Kärde]].  Russia returns those portions of [[Swedish Livonia|Livonia]] and [[Ingria]] that it had taken earlier from [[Sweden]].
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Portugal]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] sign the [[Treaty of The Hague (1661)|Treaty of The Hague]], whereby the Dutch Republic's South American colony of [[Dutch Brazil|Nieuw-Holland]] is sold to Portugal for the equivalent of roughly {{convert|63000|kg}} of gold, and incorporated into [[Brazil]].  The territory includes much of what will later become the Brazilian states of [[Ceará]], [[Maranhão]], [[Paraíba]], [[Pernambuco]] and [[Rio Grande do Norte]].  Among the major Dutch settlements lost are Mauritsstad ([[Recife]]), Fort Schoonenborch ([[Fortaleza]]), Nieuw-Amsterdam ([[Natal, Rio Grande do Norte|Natal]]), and Frederikstadt ([[João Pessoa, Paraíba|João Pessoa]]).
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Nicolas Fouquet]], the [[Superintendent of Finances]] for [[France]], is arrested in [[Nantes]] and charged with embezzlement of the state treasury.  Spared the death penalty by a jury, Fouquet spends the rest of his life in prison until his death in 1680.