Editing 1653 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 4]] &ndash; [[Barebone's Parliament]], named for a prominent Puritan member, [[Praise-God Barebone]], opens its session in [[London]] with elected representatives to pass laws for the [[Commonwealth of England]].
* [[July 8]] &ndash; [[John Thurloe]] becomes Cromwell's head of intelligence.
* [[August 5]] &ndash; [[Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg]] reaffirms the nobility's freedom from taxation, and its unlimited control over the peasants, in return for a grant to him of 530,000 silver [[Thaler#Joachimsthaler|Joachimsthaler]]s to be paid in installments over six years.<ref>Hajo Holborn, ''A History of Modern Germany, 1648-1840'' (Princeton University Press, 1959) p. 59</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The ''petite post'', a system of postage using prepaid labels and [[post box]]es, is inaugurated in Paris by [[Jean-Jacques Renouard de Villayer]] for the mailing of letters within the city, an event noted by [[Madeleine de Scudéry]] in her manuscript ''Chroniques du samedi''.<ref>"The Marais: 'Paris' in the seventeenth century", by Joan Dejean, in ''The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of Paris'', ed. by Anna-Louise Milne (Cambridge University Press, 2013) p. 29</ref>
* [[August 10]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Scheveningen]], the final naval battle of the [[First Anglo-Dutch War]], ends after three days of fighting off the island of [[Texel]], as the English Navy gains a tactical victory over the Dutch fleet.
* [[September 13]] &ndash; A violent storm off the west coast of Scotland sinks the English Navy warship ''[[English ship Swan (1641)|Swan]]'', and the commandeered merchantmen ''Speedwell'' and ''Martha and Margaret'', all of which have been anchored off of Mull.  Most of the crews had gone ashore, but 23 of the men on the ship ''Speedwell'' are killed.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; In India, the [[Mughal sieges of Kandahar (1649–1653)#Third siege|third and final attempt]] by the [[Mughal Empire]], to recapture the city of [[Kandahar]] from the [[Safavid Empire]], ends in failure after almost six months despite the presence of 70,000 Mughal soldiers under the command of Prince [[Dara Shukoh]].