Editing 1649 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 5]] &ndash; After news reaches the Western Hemisphere that King Charles I has been deposed and executed, the English colonial government of the Somers Isles, now called [[Bermuda]], proclaims its recognition of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] as the rightful ruler of the islands. <ref>Major-General Sir John Henry Lefroy, ''Memorials of the Discovery and Early Settlement of the Bermudas or Somers Islands 1515-1685'' (Bermuda Historical Society, 1877, reprinted by University of Toronto Press, 1981)</ref> 
* [[July 27]] &ndash; The Commonwealth of England Parliament passes the "Act for the promoting and propagating the Gospel of Jesus Christ in New England" to create the "Company for Propagation of the Gospel in New England and the parts adjacent in America" for Christian missionary ministries to Native American tribes.  The New England Company will continue to operate more than three and a half centuries later. <ref>[http://www.newenglandcompany.org/htms/history.htm "History of the New England Company"], New England Company website</ref>
* [[July 31]] &ndash; Ukrainian Cossack troops under the command of [[Mykhailo Krychevsky]] and [[Stepan Pobodailo]] are overwhelmed in the [[Battle of Loyew (1649)|Battle of Loyew]] (in what is now [[Belarus]]) by a smaller force of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth soldiers led by Lithuania's [[Janusz Radziwiłł (1612–1655)|Janusz Radziwiłł]], with the Cossacks losing more than 3,000 fighters. Krychevsky is mortally wounded and dies on August 3.  
* [[August 8]] &ndash; [[Dubhaltach Mac Fhirbhisigh]] completes Book VIII of ''[[Leabhar na nGenealach]]'', in [[Galway]], within days of an outbreak of the [[Black Death|plague]].
* [[August 17]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Zboriv]] is signed by representatives of King [[John II Casimir of Poland]] and the representatives of the Cossacks and Crimean Tartars to partially settle the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]].  
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Oliver Cromwell]] lands in [[Dublin]], unopposed and with thousands of English troops, to begin the [[Cromwellian conquest of Ireland]].
* [[August 26]] &ndash; After his "True Levellers", commonly called "The [[Diggers]]", abandon their last major colony at [[St. George's Hill]] at [[Weybridge]] in England, their leader, [[Gerrard Winstanley]], publishes the pamphlet "A Watch-Word to The City of London, and the Armie", recounting the experience.  <ref>''Winstanley 'The Law of Freedom' and Other Writings'', ed. by Christopher Hill (Cambridge University Press, 2006) p. 72</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; The [[Italy|Italian]] city of [[Castro, Lazio|Castro]] is completely destroyed by the forces of [[Pope Innocent X]], ending the [[Wars of Castro]].
* [[September 3]] &ndash; Oliver Cromwell leads England's [[New Model Army]] to start the [[Siege of Drogheda]] in Ireland, and breaks through on September 11, executing the last of the original 2,550 [[Irish Catholic Confederation|Irish Catholic]] defenders and their leader, the English Royalist [[Arthur Aston (army officer)|Sir Arthur Aston]].
* [[September 30]] &ndash; The last of Sweden's troops vacate [[Prague]].