Editing 1637 (section)

===July&ndash;September===
* [[July 23]]
** After a court battle, King [[Charles I of England]] hands over title to the North American colony of [[Massachusetts]] to Sir [[Ferdinando Gorges]], one of the founders of [[Plymouth Council for New England]].
** Introduction of a new ''[[Scottish Prayer Book (1637)|Scottish Prayer Book]]'' is met with widespread demonstrations, notably that of [[Jenny Geddes]] at [[St Giles' Cathedral]], [[Edinburgh]], who is said to have thrown a stool at the Dean's head.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Guide to The Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey|editor-last1=Hefling|editor-first1=Charles|editor-last2=Shattuck|editor-first2=Cynthia|year=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-529762-1|last=Spinks|first=Bryan D.|author-link=Bryan D. Spinks|chapter=From Elizabeth I to Charles II}}</ref>
* [[August 16]] &ndash; [[Adam Olearius]], sent along with [[Philipp Crusius]] and [[Otto Brüggemann (merchant)|Otto Bruggemann]] by the German [[Duke of Holstein-Gottorp]] to establish a trade deal with Persia, is welcomed by the Safavid ruler, the [[Safi of Persia|Shah Safi]] at the Persian capital, [[Isfahan]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: A force of 17,000 Spanish troops, led by the [[Spanish Netherlands]] Governor-General, [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria|Don Fernando de Austria]], recaptures the city of [[Venlo]] from the Dutch Republic after [[Siege of Venlo (1637)|a five-day siege]] 
* [[August 29]] &ndash; Fighting in the modern-day West African nation of [[Ghana]], troops of the Dutch West India Company capture the Portuguese territory of the Gold Coast after the five-day [[Battle of Elmina (1637)|Battle of Elmina]].  
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The last five of the "[[16 Martyrs of Japan]]" are executed for illegally attempting to spread Christianity in Japan. [[Lorenzo Ruiz]], [[Guillaume Courtet]], Michael de Aozaraza, Vincent Shiwozuka and Lazarus of Kyoto are all put to death by the slow hanging torture of ''[[ana-tsurushi]]''. They will be canonized 350 years later as saints of the Roman Catholic Church, on October 18, 1987.