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=== July–September === * [[July 4]] – (8th waxing of [[Waso]] 974 [[Burmese calendar|ME]]) In what is now [[Myanmar]], [[Min Khamaung]] becomes the new [[List of Burmese monarchs#Mrauk-U (1429β1785)|King of Arakan]] upon the death of his father, King [[Min Razagyi]]. * [[July 22]] – Four women and one man are hanged following the [[Northamptonshire witch trials]] in England. * [[July 24]] – [[Marcantonio Memmo]] is elected as the [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] of the [[Republic of Venice]] on the first ballot of the Venetian council, winning 38 of the 41 votes. Memmo succeeds the late Doge [[Leonardo Donato]], who died on July 16. * [[August 20]] – Ten ''[[Pendle witches]]'' are hanged, having been found guilty of practising witchcraft in [[Lancashire]] in England. * [[August 26]] – [[Battle of Kringen]]: A Scottish mercenary force is destroyed in Norway. * [[September 1]] – [[Battle of Moscow (1612)]]: Led by General [[Jan Karol Chodkiewicz]], a relief force from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, whose troops had been occupying [[Moscow]] for two years, make an unsuccessful attempt to break the Russian siege of the [[Kremlin]], where General [[Mikolaj Strus]] and his troops are trapped. Both the Russians (led by [[Dmitry Pozharsky]]) and the Commonwealth troops suffer at least 1,000 deaths, but the Russians prevail. General Chodkiewicz tries a second attack the next day and fails. * [[September 2]] (August 23 O.S.) – The [[Duchy of Prussia|Lutheran Duchy of Prussia]], a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the first [[Protestantism|Protestant]] government to follow the Roman Catholic nations in [[adoption of the Gregorian calendar|adopting the Gregorian calendar]]. * [[September 5]] – England's [[East India Company]] gets its first warships and establishes the "'Honourable East India Company's Marine'" to protect its freighters. The force develops over the centuries into the [[Royal Indian Navy]] and, after India's independence in 1947, the [[Indian Navy]]. * [[September 22]] – Retreating Polish and Lithuanian troops burn the Russian city of [[Vologda]] in reprisal for their defeat at Moscow.
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