Editing 1590 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 1]] (13th waning of [[Thai lunar calendar|1st Ashadha]], 952 CS) &ndash; [[Naresuan|Naresuan Maharat]] becomes the new ruler of Thailand as Sanphet II of the [[Ayutthaya Kingdom]], upon the death of his father, [[Maha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)|Sanphet I]].
* [[July 19]] &ndash; The day after his 12th birthday, [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand of Habsburg]] becomes the new  [[Archduke of Inner Austria]] (Innerösterreich) upon the death, in [[Graz]], of his father [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II]]. A regency council rules in the place of Ferdinand until 1596.<ref>Robert Bireley, ''Ferdinand II, Counter-Reformation Emperor, 1578–1637'' (Cambridge University Press, 2014) p.10</ref>
* [[July 21]] &ndash; Japan's first diplomatic representatives to Europe, [[Itō Mancio]], Michele Chijiwa, Giuliano Nakaura and Martino Hara, return to Japan after eight years, having departed on February 20, 1582. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140826011308/http://www.hakluyt.com/PDF/Massarella.pdf "The Japanese Embassy to Europe"], by Dereck Massarella, in ''The Journal of the Hakluyt Society'' (February 2013)</ref>  
* [[August 4]] &ndash; In Japan, the [[Siege of Odawara (1590)|siege of Odawara]], part of [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]]'s campaign to eliminate the [[Later Hōjō clan|clan of samurais]] led by [[Hōjō Ujinao]], ends with the surrender of Odawara,<ref>Stephen Turnbull, ''The Samurai Sourcebook'' (Cassell & Company, 1998) p.241</ref> part of Toyotomi's unification of the country.
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[John White (colonist and artist)|John White]], governor of the [[Colony of Roanoke]], returns to Roanoke after having left the North American colony in [[1587]] to get supplies. Upon arrival at, the crew of the ships ''Hopewell'' and ''Moonlight'' find that the Roanoke Colony is deserted, with the only clues to where the colonist went being the word "CRO" carved into a tree, and the word [[Hatteras Island|CROATOAN]] (believed to be a reference to Hatteras Island, where the colonists formerly lived).<ref name=Stick>David Stick, ''Roanoke Island: The Beginnings of English America'' (University of North Carolina Press, 1983) pp. 209–210</ref> 
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Pope Sixtus V]] dies after serving for five years, and a new [[September 1590 papal conclave|papal conclave]] is organized, to start on September 7 at the [[Apostolic Palace]] in Rome.
* [[September 5]] &ndash; [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alexander Farnese]]'s army forces [[Henry IV of France]] to lift the siege of Paris.
* [[September 15]]
**After the eight day conclave, [[Urban VII|Giovanni Battista Castagna]], the Cardinal-Priest of [[San Marcello al Corso]] receives the necessary two-thirds majority despite support for Cardinal [[Marco Antonio Colonna]].<ref>Jim Harbaugh, ''The Conclave: A Sometimes Secret and Occasionally Bloody History of Papal Elections'' (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) p.123</ref> Castagna takes becomes [[Pope Urban VII]] but contracts [[malaria]] and dies 12 days later.<ref name=Sixtus>{{cite book|author=Parminder Summon|title=Summon's Christian Miscellany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6vsBAvZw08C|year=2004|publisher=Lion|isbn=978-0-7459-5174-4|page=35}}</ref>
**The estimated 6.0 magnitude [[1590 Neulengbach earthquake|Neulengbach earthquake]] causes significant damage and some loss of life, in [[Lower Austria]] and [[Vienna]]; the effects are felt as far as [[Bohemia]] and [[Silesia]].<ref name="SHEEC">{{Cite web |title=1590 09 15 23:50 - Niederroesterreich |url=https://emidius.eu/SHEEC/maps/query_eq/external_call.php?eq_id=5578 |website=The SHARE European Earthquake Catalogue (SHEEC) 1000-1899   |access-date=1 May 2020}}</ref>