Editing 1588 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 15]] &ndash; At [[Rouen]], King Henry III of France gives in to the latest demands of the [[Catholic League (French)|Catholic League]] and the Duke of Guise, and signs the Edict of Union, agreeing not to allow French Protestants to participate in government,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Saupin |first1=Guy |title=La France à l'époque moderne |date=2010 |publisher=A. Colin |location=Paris |isbn=978-2-200-25575-6 |page=150 |url=https://archive.org/details/lafrancealepoque0000saup/page/150/mode/2up?q=1588 |access-date=6 March 2024}}</ref> in return for being able to return to [[Paris]]. 
* [[July 31]] &ndash; The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets (off [[Plymouth]]) results in a victory for the English, under command of [[Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham|Lord Howard of Effingham]] and Sir [[Francis Drake]].
* [[August 2]] &ndash; The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet, off the [[Isle of Portland]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Research guide P3: Charts of the Spanish Armada by Robert Adams in the Museum {{!}} Royal Museums Greenwich |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/research-guides/research-guide-p3-charts-spanish-armada-robert-adams-museum |website=www.rmg.co.uk |access-date=6 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 7]] &ndash; The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet off the coast of [[Flanders]].
* [[August 8]] (July 29 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]) &ndash; [[Spanish Armada#Battle of Gravelines|Battle of Gravelines]]: The [[Spanish Armada]] is defeated by the English naval force off the coast of [[Gravelines]], in the [[Spanish Netherlands]] (modern France).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wagner |first1=John A. |last2=Schmid |first2=Susan Walters |title=Encyclopedia of Tudor England [3 volumes]: [3 volumes] |date=9 December 2011 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-59884-299-9 |page=519 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uPNEAAAQBAJ&dq=%228+august+1588%22+battle+of+gravelines&pg=PA519 |access-date=6 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 9]] &ndash; The Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada, decides to return the fleet to Spain after two days of trying to reach the coast of Flanders to meet up with the army of the [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Duke of Parma]].<ref name="armada">{{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Mitchell |first2=Andrew |last3=Bell |first3=Lawrence |title=ANATOMY OF DEFEAT: THE TESTIMONY OF JUAN MARTÍNEZ DE RECALDE AND DON ALONSO MARTÍNEZ DE LEYVA ON THE FAILURE OF THE SPANISH ARMADA IN 1588 |journal=The Mariner's Mirror |date=January 2004 |volume=90 |issue=3 |pages=314–347 |doi=10.1080/00253359.2004.10656908 |s2cid=161675228 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00253359.2004.10656908 |access-date=6 March 2024 |language=en |issn=0025-3359}}</ref>
* [[August 12]] &ndash; The fleeing Spanish Armada sails past the [[Firth of Forth]], and the English call off their pursuit, entirely avoiding the storm which destroys most of the Spanish fleet as it attempts to round Scotland and the [[Spanish Armada in Ireland|west coast of Ireland]].<ref name="armada" />
* [[August 19]] (August 9 [[Old Style and New Style dates|Old Style]]) &ndash; [[Speech to the Troops at Tilbury]] by Queen Elizabeth I.<ref>{{cite web |title=Queen Elizabeth I's speech to the troops at Tilbury {{!}} Royal Museums Greenwich |url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/queen-elizabeth-speech-troops-tilbury |website=www.rmg.co.uk |access-date=6 March 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 29]] (8th day of the 7th month, Tensho 16) &ndash; In Japan, the [[Daijō-daijin|Chancellor of the Realm]], [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], issues an edict for the katanagari (the [[:sword hunt]]), the confiscation of swords from any persons thought to be opposed to his rule. 
* [[September 1]] &ndash; The [[Ganja Fortress]] in modern-day [[Azerbaijan]] is captured by Ottoman general [[Serdar Ferhad Pasha]].
* [[September 9]] &ndash; English captain Thomas Cavendish completes [[Thomas Cavendish's circumnavigation|his circumnavigation]] in a record time of 781 days, returning to [[Plymouth]] more than two years after setting off on July 21, 1586. The previous record had been 1,018 days by the expedition of Sir Francis Drake from 1577 to 1580. By the time of his return, Cavendish has only his flagship, ''[[Desire (ship)|Desire]]'', after having started with two other vessels (the warship ''Content'' and the 40-ton supply ship ''Hugh Gallant''). 
* [[September 13]] &ndash; Dutch General [[Charles III de Croÿ]] captures the German city of [[Bonn]] in the [[Electorate of Cologne]].