Editing 1556 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Kostajnica Fortress]] in what is now [[Croatia]] falls to the Ottoman Empire and remains under Turkish control for the next 132 years.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; Work begins on the ''[[Peresopnytsia Gospel]]'' at the [[Bernardine Monastery, Iziaslav|Monastery of the Holy Trinity]] in the  [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], and continues for the next five years.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070312070811/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D17039%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html Information on the Peresopnytsia Gospel] from [[UNESCO]]</ref>
* [[August 27]] &ndash; [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] abdicates his position as [[Holy Roman Emperor]] in favor of his younger brother, [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand, King of the Romans]]. The Imperial Diet postpones recognizing the abdication for the next 18 months.
* [[September 1]] &ndash; After [[Pope Paul IV]] attempts to get [[Henry II of France|King Henry II of France]] to join him in an invasion of [[History of Naples#The Aragonese period|Spanish-controlled Naples]], Spain's [[Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba|Duke of Alba]] invades the [[Papal States]] in Italy.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woodward |first1=Geoffrey |title=Philip II |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |location=London, New York |isbn=978-1317897736 |chapter=8}}</ref>