Editing 1544 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 10]]&ndash; Troops of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] begin the six-week siege of [[Saint-Dizier]] in eastern France.<ref name=Rozet>{{cite book |last1=Rozet |first1=Albin |last2=Lembey |first2=J. F. |title=L'invasion de la France et le siège de Saint-Dizier par Charles-Quint en 1544 d'après les dépeches italiennes de Francesco d'Este, de Hieronymo Feruffino, de Camillo Capilupo et de Bernardo Navager |date=1910 |publisher=Paris Plon-Nourrit |pages=326–327 |url=https://archive.org/details/linvasiondelafra00rozeuoft/page/326/mode/2up?q=dizier |access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[July 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Shirts]]: The [[Clan Fraser of Lovat]] and Macdonalds of [[Clan Ranald]] fight over a disputed chiefship in Scotland; reportedly, five Frasers and eight or ten Macdonalds survive.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blar na Léine (BTL29) |url=https://portal.historicenvironment.scot/designation/BTL29 |website=portal.historicenvironment.scot |access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Anderson |first1=George |last2=Anderson |first2=Peter |title=Guide to the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, Including Orkney and Zetland: Descriptive of Their Scenery, Statistics, Antiquities, and Natural History : with Numerous Historical Notices |date=1834 |publisher=John Murray |page=260 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4tEAQAAMAAJ&dq=five+frasers+battle+of+the+shirts+%22july+1544%22&pg=PA260 |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 19]]&ndash; [[Italian War of 1542–46]]: King [[Henry VIII of England]] begins [[First Siege of Boulogne|the siege]] of the city of [[Boulogne]] in northern France and continues for almost two months before the city surrenders.<ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book |title=Mémoires de la Société académique de l'arrondissement de Boulogne-sur-Mer |date=1886 |publisher=Société académique de l'arrondissement de Boulogne-sur-Mer |pages=371, 503 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VoU2AAAAMAAJ&dq=Henri+VIII+boulogne+%2219+juillet+1544%22&pg=PA371 |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=Henry8844/>
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[Albert, Duke of Prussia]] signs a deed granting land for creation of the [[University of Königsberg]].<ref name=Toppen/>
* [[August 17]] &ndash; 
** The [[University of Königsberg]] is inaugurated in Prussia.<ref name=Toppen>{{cite book |last1=Toppen |first1=Max |title=Die Gründung der Universität zu Königsberg und das Leben ihres ersten Rectors Georg Sabinus |date=1844 |publisher=University of Königsberg Publishing |location=Königsberg |pages=108–110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7gglJ3XpoAcC&q=%2220%20juli%22 |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=de}}</ref>
** In France, [[Saint-Dizier]] surrenders to the [[Holy Roman Empire]] after a siege of more than a month.<ref name=Rozet/><ref name=Henry8844>{{cite web |title=Henry VIII: August 1544, 16-20 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol19/no2/pp36-54 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk |access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 14]] &ndash; The [[First Siege of Boulogne|siege of Boulogne]] ends as the city surrenders to King Henry VIII.<ref name="books.google.com"/>
* [[September 18]] 
**[[Peace of Crépy]]: Peace is declared between [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], and [[Francis I of France]]. The war between France and England continues.<ref>{{cite book|author=Charles Loch Mowat|title=The New Cambridge Modern History: Reformation, 1520-1559|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hZrtAAAAMAAJ|year=1968|publisher=University Press|isbn=978-0-521-34536-1|page=392}}</ref>
** The expedition of [[Juan Bautista Pastene]] makes landfall in [[San Pedro Bay (Chile)|San Pedro Bay]], [[Zona Sur|southern Chile]], claiming the territory for Spain.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Juan Bautista Pastene: Primer almirande del mar chileno|journal=[[Revista de Marina]]|url=https://revistamarina.cl/revistas/1994/6/jbarriag.pdf|last=Barría González|first=Juan|year=1994}}</ref>
* [[September 22]] &ndash; Captain [[Juan Bautista Pastene]] leads the first European expedition to the estuary of [[Valdivia, Chile]] and [[Corral Bay]].<ref>{{cite thesis |last=Aguirre Cortes |first=Luis Enrique |date=2010 |title=De nuevas historias a nuevas ruralidades: El uso de las fuentes orales para el conocimiento de la localidad de Niebla - Valdivia  |url=http://cybertesis.uach.cl/tesis/uach/2010/ffa284d/doc/ffa284d.pdf |type=BA |chapter=Los Lafkenche y el “Descubrimiento” de Valdivia|pages=52–53 |publisher=Austral University of Chile |access-date=23 September 2023}}</ref>