Editing 1538 (section)

===July&ndash;September===
* [[July 17]] &ndash; The betrothal ceremony of 12-year-old [[Elizabeth of Austria (1526–1545)|Princess Elisabeth]], niece of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] to the 17-year-old Prince [[Sigismund II Augustus]], son of [[Sigismund I the Old|King Sigismund of Poland]] (who is also the Grand Duke of Lithuania) and heir to the throne, takes place in [[Innsbruck]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Duczmal |first=Małgorzata |title=Jogailaičiai | location=Vilnius |year=2012 |publisher=[[Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras]] |page=166 |isbn=978-5-420-01703-6 | language= Lithuanian |translator=Birutė Mikalonienė |translator2=Vyturys Jarutis}}</ref> The two are married five years later on May 5, 1543. 
* [[July 25]] &ndash; The city of [[Guayaquil]], now the largest city in the South American nation of [[Ecuador]] is founded by Spanish conqueror [[Francisco de Orellana]] in the location of a [[Quechua people|Quechua]] native village of the same name. Orellana names the city "Santiago de Guayaquil".<ref>[https://www.onthisday.com/events/date/1538/july ''25 July 1538''], OnThisDay.com. Accessed 6 August 2023.</ref>
* [[August 6]] &ndash; [[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]] is founded by [[Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Woods |first1=Sarah |title=Colombia |date=1 September 2015 |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides |isbn=978-1-84162-921-6 |page=121 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eI9VCgAAQBAJ&dq=Bogot%C3%A1+Gonzalo+Jim%C3%A9nez+de+Quesada+%226+august+1538%22&pg=PA121 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Stephen V of Moldavia|Ştefan V Lăcustă]] of the Bogdan-Musat dynasty in Romania is appointed as the new Prince of Moldavia by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman, replacing uncle, [[Petru Rareș]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300-1600 |author=Halil İnalcık |publisher=Praeger |year=1973 |page=41 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 28]] &ndash; [[Battle of Preveza]]: The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] fleet of [[Suleiman the Magnificent]], under the command of [[Hayreddin Barbarossa]], defeats the Holy League of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]], under the command of [[Andrea Doria]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Selcuk Aksin Somel|title=The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tBoyoNNKh78C&pg=PA39|year=2010|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-0-8108-7579-1|pages=39}}</ref>
* [[September 29]]&ndash; The last significant volcanic eruption in the [[Phlegraean Fields]] of Italy begins and lasts one week.<ref name=MDLLGR>{{cite journal |last1=Di Vito |first1=Mauro |last2=Lirer |first2=Lucio |last3=Mastrolorenzo |first3=Giuseppe |last4=Rolandi |first4=Giuseppe |title=The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption (Campi Flegrei, Italy) |journal=Bulletin of Volcanology |date=1 August 1987 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=608–615 |doi=10.1007/BF01079966 |bibcode=1987BVol...49..608D |s2cid=128745563 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01079966 |access-date=26 August 2023 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Campi Flegrei: The 1538 Monte Nuovo eruption |url=https://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/boris/mirror/mirrored_html/Montenuovo.html |website=www.geo.mtu.edu |access-date=26 August 2023}}</ref>