Editing 1513 (section)

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Christian II of Denmark|Christian II]] becomes King of [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]].<ref>{{cite book|author=James France|title=The Cistercians in Scandinavia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFvZAAAAMAAJ|year=1992|publisher=Cistercian Publications|isbn=978-0-87907-531-6|page=483}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; Scotland's [[James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Arran|Earl of Arran]] departs from the [[Firth of Forth]] with 22 ships on a plan to join France in cutting off England's communications with the rest of Europe.
* [[August 16]]
** [[Battle of Dubica]] (part of the [[Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War]]): [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatian]] troops under [[Petar Berislavić]], [[Ban of Croatia|Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia]], defeat an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] army under [[Sanjak-bey]] Junuz-aga 
** [[Battle of the Spurs]] (or Battle of Guinegate, part of the [[War of the League of Cambrai]]): [[Kingdom of England|English]] and allied troops under [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] defeat [[Kingdom of France|French]] cavalry under Marshal La Palice.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Desiderius Erasmus|author2=D. F. S. Thomson|title=The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters, 142 to 297|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MI5YiAWwCywC&pg=PA272|date=7 January 1975|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-1983-7|pages=272}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; A force of 7,000 Scottish border troops, commanded by [[Alexander Home, 3rd Lord Home|Lord Home]], invades England and begins the destruction and pillaging of villages in [[Northumberland]].
* [[August 23]] &ndash; [[Thérouanne]] is given to [[Henry VIII of England]] after a treaty is concluded in the aftermath of the [[Battle of the Spurs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Henry VIII: August 1513, 21-31 |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol1/pp984-997 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 9]]
** [[Battle of Flodden]]: King [[James IV of Scotland]] is defeated and killed by an English army under [[Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey]]. James's son, the Duke of Rothesay, becomes [[James V of Scotland|James V, King of Scots]].<ref name="Mercer1993">{{cite book|author=Derrik Mercer|title=Chronicle of the Royal Family|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivo9okUs30wC|date=February 1993|publisher=Chronicle Communications|isbn=978-1-872031-20-0|page=143}}</ref> At least 5,000 Scots and 1,500 English troops are killed.
** [[Johann Reuchlin]] is summoned for an [[inquisition]] trial, which was initiated by [[Jacob van Hoogstraaten]].<ref name="trial">{{cite book |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books |date=3 November 2010 |chapter=Inquisition|publisher=Oxford University Press  |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/9561/chapter-abstract/156574851?redirectedFrom=fulltext |access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>{{rp|152}} The verdict of the trial was never revealed, as when it was going to be announced on October 12, the [[archbishop of Mainz]] ordered the court to go into recess on threat of resigning the court, and the trial never went on.<ref name="trial" />{{rp|157}} Eventually, in March 1514, an [[ecclesiastical court]] presided over by [[George of the Palatinate|George, Bishop of Speyer]] cleared Reuchlin of any charges and ordered Hoogstraten to pay the cost of 111 guldens,<ref name="trial" />{{rp|158–162}} although this was overturned by [[Leo X]] in a papal decision in 1520.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Price |first1=David |title=Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books |date=3 November 2010 |chapter=The Luther Affair|page=202|publisher=Oxford University Press  |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/9561/chapter/156577165|access-date=15 July 2023}}</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; Upon confirming that King James IV of Scotland was killed in battle, the 35 Lords of Council of the Realm meet at [[Stirling Castle]] and agree to rule Scotland in the name of James's widow, Margaret Tudor, and his son, the infant James V. 
* [[September 25]] &ndash; [[Vasco Núñez de Balboa]], first sees what will become known as the [[Pacific Ocean]] from the [[Isthmus of Panama|Isthimus of Darién]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arroyo |first1=Jaime |last2=Diez |first2=Miguel Arroyo |title=Historia de la gobernación de Popayán: seguida de la cronología de los gobernadores durante la dominación española |date=1907 |publisher=Impr. del Departamento |page=3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f9QoAAAAYAAJ&dq=Vasco+N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+de+Balboa+darien+oc%C3%A9ano+pac%C3%ADfico+%2225+de+septiembre+de+1513%22+primer+europeo&pg=PA3 |access-date=15 July 2023 |language=es}}</ref> This moment is later referenced in a poem by [[John Keats]] called "[[On First Looking into Chapman's Homer]]" with the line "silent upon a peak in Darién" although he mistakenly references [[Hernán Cortés]] as the one who saw the Pacific from Darién.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Colwell |first1=James |title=A Century in the Pacific |date=1914 |publisher=William H. Beale |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DXTOAAAAMAAJ&dq=Vasco+N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez+de+Balboa+silent+upon+a+peak+in+Dari%C3%A9n+pacific+ocean+september+25+1513&pg=PA7 |access-date=15 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] &ndash; A major rock avalanche occurs in the Southern side of the [[Swiss Alps]] at Monte Crenone, which destroys the village of [[Biasca]], floods [[Bellinzona]], and formed a lake of 390 [[Height above mean sea level|m.a.s.l]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=De Pedrini |first1=Alessandro |last2=Ambrosi |first2=Christian |last3=Scapozza |first3=Cristian |title=The 1513 Monte Crenone rock avalanche: numerical model and geomorphological analysis |journal=Geographica Helvetica |date=11 January 2022 |volume=77 |issue=1 |pages=21–37 |doi=10.5194/gh-77-21-2022 |s2cid=245884825 |url=https://gh.copernicus.org/articles/77/21/2022/ |access-date=15 July 2023 |language=English |issn=0016-7312|doi-access=free }}</ref>
* [[September]] &ndash; The dispute between [[Johann Reuchlin]] and [[Johannes Pfefferkorn]] concerning the [[Talmud]] and other Jewish books, is referred to [[Pope Leo X]].