Editing 1309 (section)

=== July &ndash; September ===
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Portugal]] joins forces with the kingdoms of Castile and Aragon in their attack on Gibraltar.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; King James II of Aragon and his navy depart from Valencia on their expedition to begin the [[Siege of Almería (1309)|Siege of Almería]].
* [[July 21]] &ndash; The north African territory of [[Ceuta]], controlled by the Emirate of Granada, [[Battle of Ceuta (1309)|is conquered by a fleet of ships]], led by Eimeric de Bellveí, from the Kingdom of Aragon.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; (21 Safar 709 A.H.) [[Siege of Algeciras (1309–1310)|Siege of Algeciras]]: Castilian forces led by Ferdinand IV "the Summoned"") begin the siege of [[Algeciras]], capital of the Emirate of Granada.<ref>J. H. Mann "XVII: The First Siege", in ''A History of Gibraltar and its Sieges'' (Provost, 1873) p. 355</ref> [[Denis of Portugal|King Denis I of Portugal]] ("the Poet King") sends a contingent of 700 knights to support the siege. He provides Ferdinand, in accordance with his friendship, a loan of 16,600 silver marks.
* [[August 11]] &ndash; [[Siege of Almería (1309)|Siege of Almería]]: Aragonese forces (some 12,000 men) under King James II of Aragon ("James the Just") land on the coast of [[Almería]] and begin blockading the city with his fleet. His forces include [[siege engine]]s such as [[mangonel]]s and [[trebuchet]]s. James orders multiple unsuccessful assaults on the city and is forced (due to a shortage of supplies) to make a truce in December.<ref>Harvey, L. P. (1992). ''Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500'', p. 175. University of Chicago Press. {{ISBN|978-0-226-31962-9}}.</ref><ref>Joseph F. Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', pp. 131–132. University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; [[Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes|Conquest of Rhodes]]: The Byzantine garrison of the city of [[Rhodes (city)|Rhodes]] surrenders to the Crusader forces of the [[Knights Hospitaller]] under Grand Master [[Foulques de Villaret]] – completing their conquest of [[Rhodes]]. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves as the [[Knights of Rhodes]].<ref>Failler, Albert (1992). "L'occupation de Rhodes par les Hospitaliers", pp. 128–132. ''Revue des études byzantines'' (in French).</ref>
* [[August 23]] &ndash; A relief force from the Emirate of Granada attempts to drive out the Kingdom of Aragon forces at Almeria, but loses thousands of men.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan, ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011) p.131</ref>
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[First siege of Gibraltar|Siege of Gibraltar]]: Castilian forces under [[Juan Núñez II de Lara]] and [[Alonso Pérez de Guzmán]] besiege and conquer the Saracen fortress at [[Gibraltar]], which had been held by them for nearly 600 years (since the year [[AD 711|711]]). During the siege, the port is blockaded. Ferdinand IV of Castile orders repairs of the damaged city walls.<ref>Jackson, William G. F. (1986). ''The Rock of the Gibraltarians'', p. 41. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press. {{ISBN|0-8386-3237-8}}.</ref>