Editing 1305 (section)

===July &ndash; September===
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Battle of Apros]]: Byzantine forces (some 6,000 men) under Michael IX Palaiologos, consisting of a large contingent of Alans and [[Turcopole]]s (Christianized Turks), attack the Catalan Company near [[Aprus (Thrace)|Apros]].<ref>Peter Lock, ''The Franks in the Aegean: 1204-1500'' (Taylor & Francis, 2014) p.322</ref> Michael orders a general cavalry charge, but the Turcopoles desert ''en bloc'' to the Catalans. During the battle, the Byzantines are defeated (with many losses from the crossbowmen) and Michael is injured but escapes the field.<ref>Bartusis, Mark C. (1997). ''The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453'', pp. 79–82. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press. {{ISBN|0-8122-1620-2}}.</ref>
* [[July 15]] &ndash; King Edward of England summons a new Parliament, to assemble on September 15.
* [[August 3]] &ndash; [[William Wallace]], Scottish rebel leader and knight, is captured near [[Glasgow]] at [[Robroyston]], by English troops led by [[John de Menteith]]. He is transported to [[London]] and led, crowned mockingly with laurel, in procession to [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster Hall]]. 
* [[August 23]] &ndash; After a three-week trial at Westminster, William Wallace is convicted of [[treason]] and of atrocities against civilians in war. After the trial, he is dragged through the streets of [[Smithfield, London|Smithfield]] in [[London]] and [[hanged, drawn and quartered]] – strangled by [[hanging]] – but cut down while still alive, [[Emasculation|emasculated]], disemboweled (with his bowels burned before him), beheaded, and then cut into four parts. Wallace's head is placed [[Head on a spike|on a spike]] above the [[London Bridge]], and his limbs are displayed separately, in [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]], [[Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick]], [[Stirling]], and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]].<ref>Armstrong, Pete (2003). Osprey: ''Stirling Bridge & Falkirk 1297–98'', p. 88. {{ISBN|1-84176-510-4}}.</ref>
* [[September 15]] &ndash; King [[Edward I of England]] issues ordinances for the government of the [[Kingdom of Scotland]]. King Edward issues the first commission of [[Trailbaston]] – which empowers him to appoint judicial commissions to punish crimes (such as homicide, theft, arson, and rape) and certain trespasses. Edward adds also [[conspiracy]] to the list of presentments.<ref name="auto">Williams, Hywel (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 154. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* [[September 19]] &ndash; At [[Tabriz]] (now in [[Iran]]) [[Öljaitü]] the Mongol Ikhanate, receives the Mongol ambassador from [[Yuan dynasty]] China.