Editing 1281 (section)

==== Europe ====
* June &ndash; Castilian forces led King [[Alfonso X of Castile|Alfonso X]] ('''the Wise''') and accompanied by his sons, the Infantes [[Sancho IV of Castile|Sancho]], [[Peter of Castile, Lord of Ledesma|Peter]] and [[John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos|John]], invade the lowlands of [[Granada]]. Sultan [[Muhammad II of Granada|Muhammad II]] sends a Moorish army, supported by many archers and cavalry, to repel them. Alfonso defeats the Moors in a battle near Granada's walls on [[June 25]], but after the failure of the negotiations that follow, he leaves Granada.<ref>Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). ''The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait'', p. 81. {{ISBN|978-0-8122-2302-6}}.</ref>
* [[July 3]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Orvieto]]: Charles I, [[Giovanni Dandolo]], doge of [[Republic Venice|Venice]], and [[Philip I, Latin Emperor|Philip I]], Latin emperor, make an agreement to recover the [[Latin Empire]]. The treaty is signed in the [[Orvieto and the popes|Papal Palace]], which Martin IV has moved to [[Orvieto]] after [[Viterbo]] is placed under an [[interdict]] for imprisoning two cardinals.<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 149. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>