Editing 1260 (section)

==== Asia ====
* The [[Toluid Civil War]] begins between [[Kublai Khan]] and [[Ariq Böke]], for the title of [[Great Khan]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0StLNcKQNUoC&q=toluid+1260|title=Culture and Conquest in Mongol Eurasia|last=Allsen|first=Thomas T.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-60270-9|location=Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town|pages=22|language=en|orig-date=2001}}</ref>
* [[May 5]] – [[Kublai Khan]] becomes a claimant to the [[Mongol Empire]], after the death of [[Möngke Khan]].<ref name=":2" />
* [[May 21]] –  Kublai sends his envoy Hao Jing to negotiate with [[Song dynasty]] Chancellor Jia Sidao, after the small force left by Kublai south of the [[Yangtze]] River is destroyed, by a Chinese army of the [[Southern Song dynasty]]. Chancellor Jia Sidao imprisons the entire embassy of Kublai. This slight will not be forgotten by Kublai, but he is unable to assault the Song, due to the civil war with his rival brother [[Ariq Böke]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
* [[September 3]] – [[Battle of Ain Jalut]] in [[Galilee]]: The [[Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)|Mamluks]] defeat the [[Mongols]], marking their first decisive defeat, and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire. [[Isa ibn Muhanna]] is appointed ''[[amir al-ʿarab]]'' under the Mamluks.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut&pg=PA283|title=A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East|last=Tucker|first=Spencer C.|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=978-1-85109-672-5|location=Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford|pages=283|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFO-eV9cQ0sC&q=1260+Battle+of+Ain+Jalut|title=Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260–1281|last=Amitai-Preiss|first=Reuven|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-521-52290-8|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=26–30|language=en|orig-date=1995}}</ref>
* The [[Chinese era name|Chinese era]] ''Jingding'' begins and ends in the [[Southern Song dynasty]] of China.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=40elDQAAQBAJ&q=1260+Jingding+southern+song&pg=PA757|title=A Social History of Medieval China|last1=Zhu|first1=Ruixi|last2=Zhang|first2=Bangwei|last3=Liu|first3=Fusheng|last4=Cai|first4=Chongbang|last5=Wang|first5=Zengyu|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2016|isbn=978-1-107-16786-5|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=757|language=en}}</ref>
* The Japanese [[Shōgen]] era ends, and the [[Bun'ō]] era begins.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dy-sAAAAIAAJ&q=1260+Sh%C5%8Dgen&pg=PA216|title=Lordship and Inheritance in Early Medieval Japan: A Study of the Kamakura Soryo System|last=Mass|first=Jeffrey P.|publisher=Stanford University Press|year=1989|isbn=978-0-8047-1540-9|location=Stanford, CA|pages=215–216|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m34p1f93HogC&q=1260+Bun%27%C5%8D&pg=PA81|title=From Sovereign to Symbol: An Age of Ritual Determinism in Fourteenth Century Japan|last=Conlan|first=Thomas|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2011|isbn=978-0-19-977810-2|location=Oxford and New York|pages=81|language=en}}</ref>