Editing 1250 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[February 2]] &ndash; King [[Erik Eriksson]] of Sweden dies. The ten-year-old [[Valdemar, King of Sweden|Valdemar]], the eldest son of [[Birger Jarl]], is elected King of [[Sweden]], and becomes the first king from the [[House of Bjälbo]].
* [[October 12]] &ndash; A great storm shifts the mouth of the [[River Rother (Eastern)|River Rother]] in England 12 miles (20&nbsp;km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around [[Romney Marsh]].
* [[December 13]] &ndash; Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] dies, beginning the 23-year-long "Great [[Interregnum]]". Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the [[Hohenstaufen]] dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]s.
* The [[Lombard League]] dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* King [[Afonso III of Portugal|Afonso III]] (the Boulonnais) captures the [[Algarve]] from the Moors, thus completing the expulsion of the Moors from [[Kingdom of Portugal|Portugal]].
* [[Albertus Magnus]] isolates the element [[arsenic]], as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word "[[Old World Oriole|oriole]]" to describe a type of bird (most likely the [[golden oriole]]).
* The [[Rialto Bridge]] in [[Venice]] (in modern-day [[Italy]]) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
* The [[Ponts Couverts, Strasbourg|Ponts Couverts]] fortified bridges of [[Strasbourg]] (in modern-day France) are completed.
* [[Vincent of Beauvais]] completes his proto-encyclopedic work ''[[Speculum Maius]]'' ("Greater mirror").
* The first of the [[Parlements]] of ''[[Ancien Régime]]'' France is established.
* [[Villard de Honnecourt]] draws the first known image of a [[sawmill]].
* The first usage is made of the English word "[[cuckold]]", according to the [[Oxford English Dictionary]].
* [[Medieval music]]: The [[Notre Dame school]] of [[polyphony]] ends.