Editing 1238 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[June 8]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Stensby]]: The Teutonic Knights sign an agreement with King [[Valdemar II of Denmark]] ("the Conqueror"). [[William of Modena]], Italian papal diplomat, meets Grand Master [[Hermann Balk]] and Valdemar on a Danish island, settling outstanding disputes with [[History of Denmark#Middle Ages|Denmark]].<ref>David Nicolle (2005). Osprey: ''Lake Peipus 1242 – Battle on the Ice'', p. 48. {{ISBN|1-85532-553-5}}.</ref> The [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] are merged into the [[Teutonic Order]] as an autonomous branch and become known as the [[Livonian Order]].
* [[July 11]] &ndash; [[Siege of Brescia (1238)|Siege of Brescia]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] begins the siege of [[Brescia]]. He rejects the negotiations of the [[Lombard League]] and insists on unconditional surrender to the imperial forces in northern [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. This blocks all possibilities of a peaceful settlement. [[Milan]] and five other Lombard cities are attacked. In early October, after a successful sortie by the city's defenders, Frederick is forced to lift the siege.
* [[August 21]] &ndash;  [[Battle of Örlygsstaðir]]: Chieftain [[Sighvatr Sturluson]] and his son, [[Sturla Sighvatsson]], are defeated by [[Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson]] and [[Gissur Þorvaldsson]], for control of [[Icelandic Commonwealth|Iceland]] (known as the [[Age of the Sturlungs]]).
* [[September 28]] &ndash; King [[James I of Aragon]] [[Conquest of Valencia (1238)|captures the city of Valencia]] from the [[Moors]], who retreat to [[Granada]]. During the campaign, James' cousin, [[Bernat Guillem de Montpeller]], dies from wounds received in action.
* Autumn &ndash; [[Muhammad I of Granada|Muhammad I]], Almohad ruler of the [[Emirate of Granada]],  begins the construction of the [[Alhambra]] Complex on the site of a pre-[[Islamic]] fortress.