Editing 1230 (section)

==== Europe ====
* King [[Alfonso IX of León|Alfonso IX]] defeats Ibn Hud al-Yamani (known as Almogàver by the Christians). This success opens the road to [[Badajoz]] to the Leonese troops.<ref name=linehan1999a>{{New Cambridge Medieval History | volume=5|pages=668–673|author=[[Peter Linehan]]|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref> The Portuguese king [[Sancho II of Portugal|Sancho II]] continues his offensive southward and takes [[Beja, Portugal|Beja]], [[Juromenha]], [[Serpa]] and [[Moura Municipality|Moura]].<ref name=picard2000>{{cite book|last=Picard|first=Christophe|title=Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique|year=2000|publisher=Maisonneuve & Larose|location=Paris|isbn=2-7068-1398-9|page=110}}</ref>
* August &ndash; [[Treaty of Ceprano (1230)|Treaty of Ceprano]]: Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] returns from the [[Sixth Crusade]] and signs a peace agreement with Pope [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] at [[Ceprano]]. He agrees not to violate any territories held by the [[Papal States]] in return for Frederick's concessions in [[Kingdom of Sicily|Sicily]].<ref>Hywel Williams (2005). ''Cassell's Chronology of World History'', p. 138. {{ISBN|0-304-35730-8}}.</ref>
* Frederick II bestows on the [[Teutonic Order]] a special privilege for the conquest of [[Prussia]], including [[Chełmno Land]], with papal sovereignty. He allows the Teutonic Knights to forcibly convert the [[Old Prussians|Prussians]] to [[Christianity]].
* [[September 24]] &ndash; Alfonso IX dies after a 42-year reign and is succeeded by his son [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]]. He receives the [[Kingdom of León]], in return for compensation in cash and lands for his half-sisters [[Sancha, heiress of León|Sancha]] and [[Dulce of León|Dulce]].
* [[Sieges of Galway#De Burgh's siege of 1230|Siege of Galway]]: Norman forces under [[Richard Mór de Burgh, 1st Baron of Connaught|Richard Mór de Burgh]] invade [[Connacht]] and desolate a large portion of the country. He besieges [[Galway]], but is forced to retreat after a week-long inconclusive battle.