Editing 1212 (section)

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; After the fall of [[Argos, Peloponnese|Argos]] the Crusaders complete their conquest of the [[Morea]] in southern [[Greece]]. The city, along with [[Nafplio|Nauplia]], is given to [[Othon de la Roche]], a Burgundian nobleman, as a fief, along with an income of 400 ''[[hyperpyron]]'' from [[Corinth]].<ref>Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). ''The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest'', p. 90. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. {{ISBN|0-472-08260-4}}.</ref> Meanwhile, the Venetians conquer [[Crete]] and evict [[Henry, Count of Malta]] ("Enrico Pescatore"), a Genoese adventurer and pirate, active in the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]].
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]]: The Christian forces of King [[Alfonso VIII of Castile]] ("the Noble") decisively defeat the Almohad army (some 30,000 men) led by Caliph [[Muhammad al-Nasir]]. The victory gives a further impulse to the ''[[Reconquista]]'' but this leaves the [[Kingdom of Castile]] in a difficult financial position, as numerous soldiers have to be paid by the treasury.<ref name=linehan1999>{{cite book|author1-link=Peter Linehan|editor1-link=David Abulafia|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198-c.1300|year=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-36289-X|pages=668–671|first=Peter|last=Linehan|editor=David Abulafia|chapter=Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre}}</ref>
* The [[Children's Crusade]] is organized. There are probably two separate movements of young people, both led by shepherd boys, neither of which embark for the [[Holy Land]] – but both of which suffer considerable hardship.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bridge|first=Antony|title=The Crusades|location=London|publisher=Granada Publishing|year=1980|isbn=0-531-09872-9|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/crusades00brid}}</ref>
** Early Spring &ndash; Nicholas leads a group from the [[Rhineland]] and crosses the [[alps]] into [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. In August, he arrives with some 7,000 children in [[Genoa]]. Nicholas travels to the [[Papal States]] where he meets [[Pope Innocent III]].
** June &ndash; The 12-year-old Stephen of Cloyes leads a group across [[France]] to [[Vendôme]]. Attracting a following of over 30,000 adults and children. After arriving in [[Marseille]] the vast majority return home to their families.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The 18-year-old [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] is crowned [[King of the Germans]] at [[Mainz]]. Frederick's authority in [[Kingdom of Germany|Germany]] remains tenuous, and he is recognized only in southern Germany. In the region of northern Germany, the center of [[Guelphs and Ghibellines|Guelph]] power, his rival [[Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Otto IV]] continues to hold the imperial power despite his excommunication.<ref>Toch, Michael (1999). "Welffs, Hohenstaufen and Habsburgs". In Abulafia, David; McKitterick, Rosamond (eds.). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History: c. 1198– c. 1300''. Cambridge University Press. p. 381.</ref>
* The [[Teutonic Order]] builds [[Bran Castle]] in the [[Burzenland]] (modern [[Romania]]) as a fortified position at the entrance of a mountain pass through which traders can travel. The Teutonic Knights build another five castles, some of them made of stone. Their rapid expansion in [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungary]] makes the nobility and clergy, who are previously uninterested in those regions, jealous and suspicious.
* A storm surge in the north of Holland claims approximately 60,000 lives.{{citation needed|date=November 2024}}