Editing 1198 (section)

==== England ====
* [[John, King of England|John of England]] captures a party of 18 French knights and many men-at-arms, in the ongoing conflict against [[France in the Middle Ages|France]].<ref>''King John'' by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961.  p. 47</ref> His brother, King [[Richard I of England|Richard I]] ('''the Lionheart''') introduces a new Great Seal – in an attempt to keep the war against France funded. The government proclaims that charters previously struck with the old seal are no longer valid and must be renewed with a fresh payment.<ref>''King John'' by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961.  p. 62</ref>  The office of [[Lord Warden of the Stannaries]] is also introduced, to tax the produce of tin mines in [[Cornwall]] and [[Devon]].<ref>''King John'' by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961.  p. 124</ref>
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Battle of Gisors]]: Richard I defeats the French forces led by [[Philip II of France|Philip II]] ('''Augustus''') at [[Courcelles-lès-Gisors]], in [[Picardy]]. Richard captures three castles on the border of the [[Vexin]]. The French troops, many of them mounted, crowd the bridge leading into Gisors Castle but it collapses beneath them. The French king is among those who plunge into the water in his armor. Many French knights drown, but Philip is pulled to safety.