Editing 1165 (section)

==== Europe ====
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Battle of Fahs al-Jullab]]: [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohad]] forces defeat [[Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Saʿd ibn Mardanīsh|Ibn Mardanish]], ruler of the [[Taifa of Murcia]]. His army is routed at a place called the "merchant field" near [[Alhama de Murcia|Alhama]], in the valley of the [[Guadalentín]].<ref>Vallvé Bermejo, Joaquín (1972). "La división territorial en la España musulmana (II): la cora de "Tudmīr" (Murcia)". ''Al-Andalus'', p. 171.</ref>
* ''[[Reconquista]]'' &ndash; [[Gerald the Fearless]], Portuguese warrior and adventurer, seizes the city of [[Évora]] by surprise. The same year (or soon after), he takes [[Cáceres, Spain|Cáceres]], [[Trujillo, Cáceres|Trujillo]], [[Montánchez]], [[Moura, Portugal|Moura]], [[Monsaraz]] and [[Alconchel]] from the [[Almohad Caliphate|Almohads]].
* [[Benjamin of Tudela]], Spanish Jewish traveler, sets out on his journey from the northeast [[Iberian Peninsula]] (modern [[Spain]]), on a [[pilgrimage]] to the [[land of Israel]] and beyond.<ref>Shatzmiller, Joseph (1998). "Jews, Pilgrimage, and the Christian Cult of Saints: Benjamin of Tudela and his Contemporaries", p. 338. {{ISBN|978-0-8020-0779-7}}.</ref>
* [[Otto II, Margrave of Meissen]], grants [[Leipzig]] city and market privileges. The city is located at the crossways of the ''[[Via Regia]]'' and ''[[Via Imperii]]'' trade routes.