Editing 1139 (section)

====Europe====
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Godfrey II, Count of Louvain]] becomes [[Duke of Lower Lorraine]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N6hoLSvymtkC&q=1139+Godfrey+II+Brabant&pg=PA112|title=Do Ut Des: Gift Giving, Memoria, and Conflict Management in the Medieval Low Countries|last=Bijsterveld|first=Arnoud-Jan|publisher=Uitgeverij Verloren|year=2007|isbn=9789065509581|location=Hilversum, Netherlands|pages=112|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PzorDwAAQBAJ&q=1139+Godfrey+II+Brabant&pg=PA72|title=Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia|last=Avonds|first=Piet|publisher=Taylor & Francis|year=2016|isbn=9781351665407|editor-last=Jeep|editor-first=John M.|location=New York and London|pages=72|language=en|chapter=Brabant, Duchy of|orig-year=2001}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHgaJ3k9j3MC&q=1139+Godfrey+II+Brabant&pg=PR17|title=Warfare in Medieval Brabant, 1356-1406|last=Boffa|first=Sergio|publisher=Boydell & Brewer|year=2004|isbn=9781843830610|location=Woodbridge, UK|pages=xxvii|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 8]] &ndash; [[Second Council of the Lateran]]: [[Roger II of Sicily]] is [[excommunicated]] by [[Pope Innocent II]].<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xY5RDQAAQBAJ&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA56|title=The Causes of War|last=Gillespie|first=Alexander|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|year=2016|isbn=9781782259541|location=Oxford and Portland, OR|pages=56–57|language=en|chapter=Volume II: 1000 CE to 1400 CE}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Duwowbx1vuQC&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA70|title=Roger II of Sicily: A Ruler Between East and West|last=Houben|first=Hubert|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780521655736|series=Cambridge Medieval Textbooks|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=70–71|language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 9]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Durham (1139)|Treaty of Durham]] is signed, between King [[Stephen of England]] and [[David I of Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R6LIu7LnVogC&q=1139+Treaty+of+Durham&pg=PA50|title=Restoration and Reform, 1153–1165: Recovery from Civil War in England|last=White|first=Graeme J.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=9781139425230|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=50|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eALKAwAAQBAJ&q=1139+Treaty+of+Durham&pg=PA323|title=The Reign of King Stephen: 1135-1154|last=Crouch|first=David|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9781317892977|location=London and New York|pages=323|language=en|orig-year=2000}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nog9_GJqFZQC&q=1139+Treaty+of+Durham&pg=PA196|title=Conquest, Anarchy and Lordship: Yorkshire, 1066-1154|last=Dalton|first=Paul|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2002|isbn=9780521524643|series=Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=196|language=en|orig-year=1994}}</ref>
* [[July 22]] &ndash; [[Pope Innocent II]], invading the [[Kingdom of Sicily]], is ambushed at [[Galluccio]] and taken prisoner.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vrxeieCqeLwC&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA15|title=Bernard of Clairvaux|last=Evans|first=G. R.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2000|isbn=9780198028994|location=New York and Oxford|pages=15|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0eR5DwAAQBAJ&q=1139+Galuccio&pg=PA80|title=The Jewish Pope: Ideology and Politics in the Papal Schism of 1130|last=Stroll|first=Mary|publisher=BRILL|year=1987|isbn=9789004246577|series=Brill Studies in Intellectual History|volume=8|location=Leiden, New York, Copenhagen and Cologne|pages=80|language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 25]]
** By the [[Treaty of Mignano]], [[Pope Innocent II]] proclaims [[Roger II of Sicily]] as [[King of Sicily]], [[Duke of Apulia]] and [[Prince of Capua]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lxbjDQAAQBAJ&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA122|title=Norman Kings of Sicily and the Rise of the Anti-Islamic Critique: Baptized Sultans|last=Birk|first=Joshua C.|publisher=Springer|year=2016|isbn=9783319470429|location=New York|pages=122|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aXZe71Z4nEkC&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA65|title=The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily|last=Takayama|first=Hiroshi|publisher=BRILL|year=1993|isbn=9789004098657|series=The Medieval Mediterranean|location=Leiden, Boston and Köln|pages=64|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlorKfco5HIC&q=1139+Roger+II+of+Sicily&pg=PA203|title=History of the Conquest of England by the Normans: Its Causes, and Its Consequences, in England, Scotland, Ireland, and on the Continent|last=Thierry|first=Augustin|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2011|isbn=9781108030243|series=Cambridge Library Collection|volume=2|location=Cambridge and New York|pages=203|language=en}}</ref>
** [[Battle of Ourique]]: The [[The establishment of the monarchy in Portugal|independence of Portugal]] from the [[Kingdom of León]] is declared after the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]]s, led by [[Ali ibn Yusuf]], are defeated by Prince Afonso Henriques. He then becomes [[Afonso I of Portugal|Afonso I, King of Portugal]], after calling the first assembly of the Estates-General of Portugal at [[Lamego]], where he is given the [[Crown (headgear)|Crown]] from the [[Bishop of Bragança]], to confirm the independence.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Solé|first1=Glória|last2=Reis|first2=Diana|last3=Machado|first3=Andreia|date=Autumn 2016|title=The Potentialities Of Using Historical Fiction And Legends In History Teaching: A Study With Primary Education Portuguese Students|journal=History Education Research Journal|volume=14|issue=1|pages=143|doi=10.18546/HERJ.14.1.11|doi-broken-date=November 1, 2024 |quote=The second fictional narrative, Legend Of Ourique Miracle, Gentil Marques’ version (1997), focuses on the Battle of Ourique, 1139, which was fought between Christians and Moors in the Alentejo (South of Portugal), during the Christian reconquest process. D. Afonso Henriques had planned to conquer land in the south of Portugal and also seize cattle, slaves and other booty. Despite being out numbered by Muslim forces, according to legend, the Portuguese were able in the battle, with God’s help, to capture five Moorish kings and their troops. After this resounding victory D. Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself King of Portugal (or was acclaimed by his troops still on the battlefield). Accordingly from 1140 he used the denomination Portugallensis Rex (King of Portucalian or King of the Portuguese).}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YA4NAAAAYAAJ&q=1139+Battle+of+Ourique&pg=PR23|title=A Handbook for Travellers in Portugal: A Complete Guide for Lisbon, Cintra, Mafra, Evora, the British Battle-fields, Santarem, Alcobaça, Batalha, Coimbra, Busaco, Oporto, Braga, Guimarães, the Caldas and Mountain-passes, &c|publisher=John Murray|year=1875|location=London, Paris and Lisbon|pages=54–55|language=en}}</ref>