Editing 1138 (section)

==== Britain ====
* May &ndash; Earl [[Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester|Robert FitzRoy]] rebels against King [[Stephen, King of England|Stephen]], supporting Matilda (his step-sister) in her claim for the English throne. Matilda is given refuge by Earl [[William d'Aubigny, 1st Earl of Arundel|William de Albini]] at [[Arundel Castle]]. Stephen builds siege works around the castle, but is unable to break the castle's defences. In [[France in the Middle Ages|France]], Matilda's husband Duke [[Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou|Geoffrey V]] (the Fair) takes advantage of the situation by re-invading [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]]. 
* [[August 22]] &ndash; [[Battle of the Standard]]: King [[David I of Scotland]] gives his full support to [[Empress Matilda|Matilda]] (daughter of the late King [[Henry I of England|Henry I]]), and invades the north of [[Kingdom of England|England]] – travelling as far south as [[Lincolnshire]]. The Scottish army (some 15,000 men) is defeated by English forces under Earl [[William le Gros, Earl of York|William le Gros]] in [[Yorkshire]]. David retreats to [[Carlisle]] and reassembles an army. 
* The [[Earl of Pembroke|Earldom of Pembroke]], created for [[Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke|Gilbert de Clare]], becomes the first earldom created by Stephen within the borders in [[Wales]]. Gilbert receives the [[Rape (county subdivision)|rape]] and [[Pevensey Castle]].