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====Europe==== * Spring – King [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad II, "the Elder"]], assembles an army of thousands of armored [[knight]]s for an expedition into [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]]. He besieges [[Pavia]] and marches to [[Milan]], where he is crowned with the [[iron Crown of Lombardy|Iron Crown]] by Archbishop [[Aribert (archbishop of Milan)|Aribert]] as king of the [[Lombards]]. Duke [[William V, Duke of Aquitaine|William V]] ("the Great") of [[Duchy of Aquitaine|Aquitaine]], who is already en route for Italy, decides to renounce his claim to the Lombard throne and turns back.<ref>Jonathan Riley-Smith (2004). ''The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume '''IV''' c.1024–c.1198''. p. 72. {{ISBN|978-0-521-41411-1}}.</ref> * [[April]] – Conrad II punishes the citizens of Pavia with [[starvation]], with the help of Milanese troops, for burning down the Royal Palace. He appoints Aribert as his [[viceroy]] ("imperial vicar") in Italy and charges him to ensure that the order is complied with. * Summer – Conrad II leaves the bulk of his army at the siege of Pavia, and marches to [[Ravenna]]. The Ravennan militias close the town gates and assault the imperial train. Conrad rallies his troops and takes Ravenna, taking bloody revenge. * [[June 1]] – The [[Basilica of Saint Maternus]] in [[Walcourt]], present-day Belgium, is consecrated by Bishop {{ill|Réginhard of Liège|fr|Réginard}}.<ref name=maternus>{{cite journal |last1= Josis–Roland|first1= Françoise|date= 1970|title= La basilique Notre-Dame de Walcourt|url= http://www.crmsf.be/sites/default/files/book/BCRMS_1970.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.crmsf.be/sites/default/files/book/BCRMS_1970.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal= Bulletin de la Commission Royale des Monuments et des Sites|trans-title=The basilica of Our Lady in Walcourt|language=fr|page= 65|access-date=June 20, 2021}}</ref> * Conrad II proceeds to [[Pesaro]], but a [[malaria]]n outbreak forces him to withdraw back up north to the [[Po Valley]]. He subdues the [[March of Turin]], where Count [[Ulric Manfred II of Turin|Ulric Manfred II]] opposes the election of Conrad. * Autumn – Pavia falls to the imperial forces. Only the intervention of [[Odilo of Cluny]] persuades Conrad to have mercy on the city and the defeated rebels.<ref>Lucy Margaret Smith (1920). ''The Early History of the Monastery of Cluny''. Oxford University Press.</ref> * [[Battle of Helgeå]] (off the coast of [[Sweden]]): Naval forces of King [[Cnut the Great]]'s [[North Sea Empire]] defeat the combined Swedish and [[Norway|Norwegian]] royal fleets.<ref>Dated 1025 by the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'', which gives the victory to Sweden.</ref> * 9-year-old [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry "the Black"]] is made duke of [[Duchy of Bavaria|Bavaria]] by his father, Conrad II, after the death of his predecessor [[Henry V, Duke of Bavaria|Henry V]]. * [[Pietro Barbolano]] becomes [[List of Doges of Venice|28th doge]] of [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]. * [[Guido of Arezzo]]: [[Micrologus]] </onlyinclude>
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