Editing 'Pataphysics (section)

== History ==
The term first appeared in print in the text of Alfred Jarry's play ''Guignol'' in the 28 April 1893 issue of ''[[L'Écho de Paris littéraire illustré]]'', but it has been suggested that the word has its origins in the same school pranks at the ''lycée'' in [[Rennes]] that led Jarry to write ''[[Ubu Roi]]''.{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=207}} Jarry considered Ibicrates and Sophrotatos the Armenian as the fathers of this "science".{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=20}}

=== The Collège de 'Pataphysique ===
The ''Collège de 'Pataphysique'', founded in 1948 in [[Paris]], France,{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|p=11}} is "a society committed to learned and inutilious research".{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|p=77}} (The word 'inutilious' is synonymous with 'useless'.) The motto of the college is {{langx|la|[[Eadem mutata resurgo]]}} ("I arise again the same though changed").

The permanent head of the college is the Inamovable Curator, Dr. Faustroll, assisted by Bosse-de-Nage (''Starosta''): both are fictional.{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|p=39}}

The Vice-Curator is the "first and most senior living entity" in the college's hierarchy.{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=113}} The Vice-Curatrice {{As of|2018|lc=y}} is Tanya Peixoto{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|p=96}} of the London Institute of 'Pataphysics and Bookartbookshop.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.patakosmos.com/tanya-peixoto/ |title=Fifth Magisterium of Her Magnificence Tanya Peixoto |website=patakosmos.com |access-date=7 May 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712130012/https://www.patakosmos.com/tanya-peixoto/ |archive-date=12 July 2017}}</ref> She was elected in 2014 to succeed Her Magnificence Lutembi – a crocodile{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=38}}{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|pp=72–73}} – who succeeded Opach,{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|pp=81–83}} the Baron Mollet,{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|pp=76–79}} and Doctor Sandomir.{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|pp=134–135}}{{sfnp|Hiebert|2018|pp=109–111}}

[[Jean-Christophe Averty]] was appointed [[Satrap]] in 1990.

Publications of the college, generally called {{langx|la|Viridis Candela}} ("green candle"),{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=123}} include the ''Cahiers'', ''Dossiers'', the ''Subsidia Pataphysica'' and since September 2021, the ''Spéculations''.<ref>{{cite web |title=List of publications |website=Collège de 'Pataphysique |url=http://www.college-de-pataphysique.org/college/accueil_files/Patalogue_Avril_2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426110525/http://www.college-de-pataphysique.org/college/accueil_files/Patalogue_Avril_2010.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2012}}</ref>{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|pp=102–104}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal - Collège de 'Pataphysique |url=https://www.college-de-pataphysique.fr/revue/?lang=en |access-date=2024-04-28 |website=www.college-de-pataphysique.fr}}</ref>

Notable members have included [[Marcel Duchamp]], [[Joan Miró]], [[Eugène Ionesco]],<ref name="The Guardian 2005">{{cite web |title=An introduction to 'Pataphysics |website=The Guardian |date=9 December 2005 |url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2005/dec/09/8 |access-date=8 October 2021}}</ref> Noël Arnaud, [[Jean Baudrillard]], [[Jean-Christophe Averty]], [[René Daumal]], [[Luc Étienne]], [[François Le Lionnais]], [[Jean Lescure]], [[Raymond Queneau]], [[Boris Vian]], [[Jacques Carelman]], [[Man Ray]], [[Max Ernst]], [[Julien Torma]], [[Roger Shattuck]], [[Marx Brothers|Groucho, Chico and Harpo Marx]], [[Philippe de Chérisey]], [[Rolando Villazón]], [[Fernando Arrabal]] and [[Gavin Bryars]].{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|pp=10–31}} The [[Oulipo]] began as a subcommittee of the college.<ref>{{cite book |last=Motte |first=Warren |title=Oulipo: A Primer of Potential Literature |publisher=Dalkey Archive Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-56478-187-1 |page=1}}</ref>{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|p=22}}

=== Offshoots of the Collège de 'Pataphysique ===
Although France had been always the centre of the pataphysical globe, there are followers in different cities around the world. In 1966 Juan Esteban Fassio was commissioned to draw the map of the ''Collège de 'Pataphysique'' and its institutes abroad.

The college stopped its public activities between 1975 and 2000, referred to as its ''occultation''.{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=39}}{{sfnp|Brotchie|1995|p=31}} However through that time, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Canada, The Netherlands, and many other countries showed that the internationalization of 'pataphysics was irreversible.

In the 1950s, [[Buenos Aires]] in the Western Hemisphere and [[Milan]] in Europe were the first cities to have pataphysical institutes. [[London]], [[Edinburgh]], [[Budapest]], and [[Liège]], as well as many other European cities, caught up in the sixties.

==== Czechoslovakia ====
During the [[communist era]], a small group of 'pataphysicists in [[Czechoslovakia]] started a journal called ''PAKO'', or ''Pataphysical Collegium''.{{sfnp|Hugill|2012|p=48}} Jarry's plays had a lasting impression on the country's underground philosophical scene.

==== London Institute of 'Pataphysics ====
The London Institute of 'Pataphysics was established in September 2000 to promote 'pataphysics in the English-speaking world. The institute has various publications, including a journal, and has six departments:<ref>{{cite web |title=Institute of 'Pataphysics |place=London, UK |type=main page |url=https://www.atlaspress.co.uk/theLIP/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224213659/https://www.atlaspress.co.uk/theLIP/ |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> Bureau for the Investigation of Subliminal Images, Committee for Hirsutism and Pogonotrophy, Department of Dogma and Theory, Department of Potassons, Department of Reconstructive Archaeology, and The Office of Patentry.

The institute also contains a pataphysical museum and archive and organised the ''[[The Rebel (1961 film)#Other information of note|Anthony Hancock Paintings and Sculptures]]'' exhibition in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Hancock paintings and sculptures |type=exhibition |website=atlaspress.co.uk |url=https://www.atlaspress.co.uk/theLIP/dora-hancock.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224213635/https://www.atlaspress.co.uk/theLIP/dora-hancock.html |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref>

The official orchestra of the London Institute of 'Pataphysics is the London Snorkelling Team.

Peter Blegvad has been the president of the London Institute of 'Pataphysics since 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=Anna |date=2023-11-20 |title=Milk, the Book! |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/11/27/milk-the-book |access-date=2024-02-11 |work=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref>

==== Musée Patamécanique ====
[[Musée Patamécanique]] is a private museum located in [[Bristol, Rhode Island]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Musée Patamécanique |type=main page |url=http://www.museepata.org/welcome.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005190744/http://www.museepata.org/welcome.html |archive-date=5 October 2014}}</ref> Founded in 2006, it is open by appointment only to friends, colleagues, and occasionally to outside observers. The museum is presented as a hybrid between an automaton theatre and a cabinet of curiosities and contains works representing the field of Patamechanics, an artistic practice and area of study chiefly inspired by 'pataphysics.

Examples of exhibits include a troupe of singing animatronic chipmunks, a time machine the museum says is the world's largest automated [[phenakistoscope]], an olfactory clock, a chandelier of singing animatronic nightingales, an Undigestulator (a device that purportedly reconstitutes digested foods), a peanuts enlarger, a syzygistic oracle, the earolin (a 24-inch tall holographic ear that plays the violin), and a machine for capturing the dreams of bumble bees.<ref>{{cite web |title=Exhibition |website=Musée Patamécanique |url=http://www.museepata.org/EXHIBITION.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141005184524/http://www.museepata.org/EXHIBITION.html |archive-date=5 October 2014}}</ref>

==== 'Pataphysics Institute in Vilnius ====
A 'Pataphysics Institute opened in [[Vilnius]], Lithuania in May 2013.<ref>{{cite web |title=The opening of the Vilnius Pataphysics Institute |via=Rupert |website=rupert.lt |lang=lt-LT |url=http://rupert.lt/lt/the-opening-of-vilnius-institute-of-pataphysics/ |access-date=12 June 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016070035/http://rupert.lt/lt/the-opening-of-vilnius-institute-of-pataphysics/ |archive-date=16 October 2017}}</ref>