Editing Zoning (section)

====Single-use zoning in the United States====
Single-use zoning takes two forms, flat and hierarchical, also known as cumulative or pyramidal.<ref name="Hirt 2014"/>{{rp||pages=61-63}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2019 |title=Zoning 101 Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://odh.ohio.gov/wps/wcm/connect/gov/791e1124-7fd6-4782-8392-367a68257391/FAQ_Factsheet_Land+Use+Zoning.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE.Z18_M1HGGIK0N0JO00QO9DDDDM3000-791e1124-7fd6-4782-8392-367a68257391-mJMzfuy |access-date=February 9, 2024 |website=Ohio Department of Health}}</ref> Under flat zoning, each district is strictly designated for one use. In a simple hierarchical zoning system, districts are organized with residential (the most sensitive and least disruptive category) at the top, followed by commercial and industrial. Residential and commercial buildings are allowed in industrial zones and residential buildings are allowed in commercial zones.<ref name="Hirt 2014" />{{rp||pages=61-63}} More complex hierarchical systems account for multiple levels within categories, such as multiple types of residential buildings in multifamily residential districts.<ref name="Hirt 2014" />{{rp||pages=|page=130}}  Hierarchical zoning generally fell out of favor in the United States in the mid-twentieth century, with flat zoning becoming more popular, although many municipalities still incorporate some degree of hierarchy in their zoning ordinances.<ref name="Hirt 2014" />{{rp||pages=|page=65}}

Single-use zoning is used by many municipalities due to its ease of implementation (one set of explicit, prescriptive rules), long-established legal precedent, and familiarity to planners and design professionals. Single-use zoning has been criticized, however, for its lack of flexibility. Separation of uses can contribute to [[urban sprawl]], loss of open space, heavy infrastructure costs, and [[automobile dependency]].<ref name="Hirt 2014" />{{rp||pages=266-275}} In particular, [[single-family zoning]], residential districts where only single-family homes can be built, has been widely criticized as a cause of sprawl and racial segregation.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Infranca |first=John |date=2023 |title=Singling Out Single-Family Zoning |url=https://www.law.georgetown.edu/georgetown-law-journal/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2023/06/GT-GGLJ230012.pdf |journal=Georgetown Law Journal |volume=111 |pages=670}}</ref>